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Mamushi

Gloydius blomhoffii

Nezvezita: The specific name blomhoffii honours Jan Cock Blomhoff, who was director of the Dutch trading colony in Nagasaki, Japan, from 1817 to 1824.1

Inogona kuurayaInogona kukuuraya kana usina kurapwa. Kana ikakuruma, wana rubatsiro nokukurumidza.

Mapit viper

InorumaInodya: Nyama

Ngozi kuvanhu: Ine ngozi zvikuruInogona kuuraya munhu asina kurapwa.

The mamushi is a pit viper, a type of snake that has heat-sensing pits between its eyes and nostrils. It lives in Japan, in places such as swamps, meadows and farmland. It matters because its bite is one of the most dangerous of Japan's snakes.1

Inogara mu

Japan only. There is no evidence it occurs in the Ryukyu Islands.1

Asia

Kumba

It lives in swamps, marshes, meadows, open woodland, rocky hillsides and montane rock outcroppings. It is often found in and around farmland because rodents are common there.1

Kureba

45 cm kusvika 81 cm (1,5 ft kusvika 2,7 ft)1

Kumhanya kukuru

kunenge 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)

Pasi pevhu, kufungidzira

Inodya chii?

It is an ambush predator. It waits hidden in vegetation or leaf litter, then eats mainly rodents, along with small birds, lizards and insects.1

Mufananidzo waMamushi — Mamushi. Mufananidzo: Alpsdake. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Maziviro ayo

Background colour is pale grey, reddish-brown or yellow-brown.1
A series of irregular blotches runs along the body. Each blotch has a black border and often a lighter centre.1
The head is dark brown or black, with beige or pale-grey sides.1
Adults are typically 45 to 81 cm long.1
It has excellent camouflage and often hides among plants or leaf litter.1

Inowanzovhiringidzwa ne: It is similar to the cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon) of the Americas, and it was long considered part of the same group.1

Simba reuturu

Inoruma

Uturu hunobuda nemeno ayo painoruma.

Uturu hwayo hunoitei?

Its venom is mostly haemolytic, meaning it breaks down red blood cells. It also contains two neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and an anticoagulant, which stops blood from clotting. Reported effects include kidney failure, visual disturbances and palsy (paralysis).1

Ine ngozi yakadii kuvanhu?

Ngozi kuvanhu: Ine ngozi zvikuruInogona kuuraya munhu asina kurapwa.

About 2000 to 3000 people in Japan are bitten by a mamushi each year. Approximately 10 die annually. Severe bites require intensive care, and typical bite victims need about one week of hospital treatment.1

Mashoko akanaka: vanachiremba vane mushonga (antivenom) kana kurapwa kwechinhu ichi.1

Kana ikaruma

Treatment is given in hospital. It involves cutting the wound to remove venom and injecting mamushi antivenom. Pregnant women who are bitten have had miscarriages, so medical care is essential.1
Chengeta munhu asingafambe uye akadzikama, chengeta nhengo yakarumwa yakaenzana nemwoyo, bvisa mhete nezvinhu zvakasunga, uende kuchipatara nokukurumidza.

Gara uchitanga wafonera nhamba yechimbichimbi (112, 000, 911). Iri izano rakajairika rerubatsiro rwekutanga, kwete zano rechiremba. Zvakakosha zverubatsiro rwekutanga

Gara wakachengeteka

Usambobata mhuka yesango, kuedza kuitora kana kuinetsa, kunyange iri diki, uye kunyange ichiita seyakarara kana yakafa.
Ipa nzvimbo. Kana ukasangana nayo, dzikama, dzokera shure zvishoma nezvishoma uirege iende nenzira yayo.
Kana imwe ikakuruma: dzikama, gara wakanyarara, fonera nhamba yechimbichimbi (112, 000, 911) kana kuti enda kuchipatara nokukurumidza. Rangarira kuti yaitaridzika sei, mufananidzo unobatsira.

Haisi kukutsvaga. Inoshandisa uturu hwayo kubata chikafu kana kuzvidzivirira, uye inotonyanya kuda kuhwanda. Zvimwe pamusoro pekugara wakachengeteka

Kupi pasi rose?

Afrika Asia Yuropu Amerika yeKuchamhembe Amerika yeKumaodzanyemba Australia neOceania

Yakakura sei?

Yakareba zvakadii?

yakareba sekatsi dzepamba 1,5 kubva pamhuno kusvika kumusweyakareba semabhanana 5 akateedzanainogona kumhanya mamita 100 mumasekondi 110 (munhu anomhanyisa kupfuura vose anoda 9.6)

Mamushi yakakura sei kana yaenzaniswa NEWE?

Masvomhu chete mubrowser yako. Hapana chinochengetwa kana kutumirwa kupi zvako.

Inomhanya zvakadii?

Kamba kunenge 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Mamushi kunenge 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)

Munhu achifamba kunenge 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

zvakanaka kuziva

Chokwadi

Recovery takes a long time. Bite victims may need several months to fully recover, even after hospital treatment and weeks of follow-up care.1

It is highly resistant to its own venom because its blood contains neutralising factors, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors.1

Its beta-toxin acts before the nerve junction, so anticholinesterase drugs cannot block or treat its effects.1

Its venom contains a peptide called ablomin, which is very similar in amino acid sequence to helothermine, a venom peptide of the Mexican beaded lizard.1

It is considered one of the most venomous snakes in Japan, along with the yamakagashi and the Okinawan habu.1

Its venom varies very little across Japan in either potency or effects.1

Kune nyanzvi dzeuturu

Zita resainzi: Gloydius blomhoffii
Boka: Mapit viper
Mhuri: Viperidae2
Odha: Squamata
Makondinendi: Asia
Ngozi kuvanhu: 4 / 5: Ine ngozi zvikuru3

Kwakabva chokwadi

Mamushi (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Gloydius blomhoffii (iNaturalist): mazita nekurongwa kwemhuka.
Venom Wiki: danho rengozi, saizi yakajairika nekufungidzira kwekumhanya ndezvedu. Ona kuti tinozviwana sei: Matinoyera ngozi.

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