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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Alpine salamander
No. 1359 ho 1 402

Alpine salamander

Salamandra atra
Ka lebitso: The species name atra comes from the Latin ater, meaning dull black.1
Ha e na kotsiHa e na kotsi ho batho. Ha ho letho la ho tshwenyeha.
Dihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newt Chefo letlalong la yonaE ja: NamaE chefang, eseng e nang le chefo
Kotsi ho batho: E bobebeJwaloka ho hlajwa ke notshi kapa ho fetang moo. Ha e na kotsi ho batho.

The alpine salamander is a dark, slow-moving amphibian that lives high in the mountains of Europe. It spends its whole life on land, sheltering under stones, logs and in rock crevices. It produces toxic compounds from its skin, which help protect it from predators.1

E chefang kapa e nang le chefo? Diphoofolo tse nang le chefo di kenya chefo ka ho loma kapa ka ho hlaba. Diphoofolo tse chefang di kotsi ha o di ama kapa o di ja. Ena ke e chefang.
E phela
Alps and mountains of Europe: France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina1
Yuropa
Lapeng
Alpine salamanders live on land in forests and mountain meadows, usually above 700 metres. They shelter under stones or logs, or in rocky crevices, and they favour forests of silver fir, beech and spruce.1
Bolelele
14 cm ho isa ho 15 cm (5,7 in ho isa ho 5,9 in)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Naheng, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
Alpine salamanders eat small invertebrates such as beetles, snails, millipedes and spiders. Beetles and snails make up the most important part of their diet, and they tend to choose larger prey.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Alpine salamander
Alpine salamander. Foto: Aah-Yeah. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Usually small and dark brown or black1
  • Some forms have yellow, golden or white spots or marks on the back and head1
  • Males have swollen, visible cloacae and are slimmer than females1
  • Elongated head shape, with glands behind and beside the eyes1
  • Between 11 and 13 grooves along each side of the body, and a double row of glands down the back1

Hangata e ferekanngwa le: Lanza's alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai) is a similar species that lives in one small area of the western Alps. The Corsican fire salamander (Salamandra corsica) is the alpine salamander's closest related species.1

Matla a chefo

Chefo letlalong la yona

Letlalo la yona le a chefa. Ho kotsi ho e ama, ho e nyeka kapa ho e ja.

Chefo ya yona (e chefang ha o e ama kapa o e ja) e etsang?

Alpine salamanders produce toxic compounds from their skin. These compounds may protect them from predators and from microbes.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E bobebeJwaloka ho hlajwa ke notshi kapa ho fetang moo. Ha e na kotsi ho batho.

E etsang ha e tshohile?

Their yellow markings are thought to be a warning colour that deters predators, and the pure black colouring may also warn some predators off.1

Haeba motho a e amme kapa a e jele

  • Haeba motho a amme e nngwe: hlatswa matsoho hantle mme o se ke wa ama mahlo kapa molomo. Haeba ngwana kapa phoofolo ya lapeng e e nyeditse kapa e e jele: letsetsa setsi sa chefo (poison centre) kapa nomoro ya tshohanyetso.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba o e amme kapa o e jele: o se ke wa hohla mahlo kapa molomo, hlatswa matsoho mme o fumane thuso ya bongaka.

Ha e o batle. Chefo ya yona e teng feela hore ho se be le letho le e jang. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Alpine salamander bolelele ba e ka bang 15 cm (5,9 in)Fono e bohlale e ka bang 15 cm (5,9 in)Banana e ka bang 18 cm (7,1 in)
e telele jwaloka diboloko tsa ho bapala tse 5 moleng

Alpine salamander e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

Alpine salamanders are fully terrestrial, so they never need water to breed. Unlike many salamanders, their young do not develop as larvae in water.1

2

Young snakes, especially juvenile European adders, are a notable predator. In some locations, alpine salamanders make up just under half of these snakes' diet.1

3

They mark their territory with faecal pellets. Their scent tells other salamanders whether a pellet was left by a member of the same sex and species, and warns them that the site is already claimed.1

4

They are very stationary animals. The furthest a tracked individual was seen to travel in one summer was 12 metres.1

5

Their colour varies a great deal. Some populations are completely black, while others have bright yellow, white or grey spotting.1

6

Alpine salamanders cannot regulate their own body temperature, so losing a shelter can be extremely costly, and even fatal.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Salamandra atra
Sehlopha
Dihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newt
Lelapa
Salamandridae2
Tatelano
Caudata
Dikontinente
Yuropa
Masea
They give birth to live young. Their larvae do not develop in water, because the whole life cycle takes place on land.1
Nako ya bophelo
e ka bang dilemo tse 101
Boemo ba yona naheng
Least Concern (IUCN Red List), although their numbers are decreasing and the subspecies S. a. aurorae is declining more quickly1
Kotsi ho batho
1 / 5: E bobebe3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Alpine salamander (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Salamandra atra (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Taba e nngwe le e nngwe leqepheng lena e na le nomoro e bontshang mohlodi wa yona. Haeba re entse phoso, re kopa tshwarelo, re barati ba diphoofolo, hase makasine wa saense. Re bolelle ho [email protected] mme re tla e lokisa.

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Tse ding tsa sehlopha se le seng: Dihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newt

Fire salamanderDihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newtE utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa amaCommon toadDihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newtE utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa amaEuropean fire-bellied toadDihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newtHa e na kotsiIberian ribbed newtDihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newtHa e na kotsiNatterjack toadDihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newtHa e na kotsiEuropean green toadDihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newtHa e na kotsi

E boetse e phela: Yuropa

Common European adderDi-viper le di-adderE hloka ngakaSpanish flyDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE hloka ngakaO se ke wa amaCommon waspDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feelaEuropean hornetDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feelaWestern honey beeDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feelaBlunt-nosed viperDi-viper le di-adderE ka bolaya
Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala