Venom Wiki
Venom Wiki / Diphoofolo tsohle / Di-cobra, di-mamba le di-krait
Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Caspian cobra
No. 0004 ho 1 402

Caspian cobra

Naja oxiana
Ka lebitso: Naja is a Latin form of the Sanskrit word for cobra, and oxiana comes from Oxus, the ancient name of the Amu Darya river.1
E a bolayaE nngwe ya diphoofolo tse bolayang ka ho fetisisa Lefatsheng. Ha e ka o loma, bitsa thuso hang-hang.Thuso e potlakileng le antivenom di pholosa batho ba bangata. Letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso hang-hang.
Di-cobra, di-mamba le di-krait Ho lomaE ja: Nama
Kotsi ho batho: E a bolayaE nngwe ya diphoofolo tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng.

The Caspian cobra is a highly venomous snake that lives in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. Many scientists consider it the most venomous cobra in the world. It is also a strong swimmer and a good climber.1

E phela
Central Asia, Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, Pakistan and far northern India1
Asia
Lapeng
It lives in dry, rocky or stony foothills covered with shrubs or scrub, up to about 3,000 m above sea level. It is often found near water and rarely far from it, and it lives in holes in embankments or in trees.1
Bolelele
1 m ho isa ho 1,7 m (3,3 ft ho isa ho 5,6 ft)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)
Naheng, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
It feeds mostly on small mammals and amphibians, and sometimes on fish, birds and their eggs. It also reportedly eats other snakes.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Caspian cobra
Caspian cobra. Foto: Omid Mozaffari. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, with no hood marks and no spots on the throat.1
  • Juveniles are pale and faded, with dark and light cross-bands of about equal width around the body.1
  • The hood is long and tapers gradually, unlike the rounder hood of some other cobras.1
  • It has several dark bands under the throat.1
  • It is never fully black, although some individuals can be quite dark.1

Hangata e ferekanngwa le: The Caspian cobra is often confused with the Indian cobra, and the two live side by side in Pakistan and northern India. Indian cobras without a hood mark look similar. In the black form of the Indian cobra from Pakistan, almost the whole throat is black, while the Caspian cobra has several dark throat bands and is never fully black.1

Matla a chefo

Ho loma

Chefo e tswa ka meno a yona a chefo (fangs) kapa ka meno a mang ha e loma.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

Its venom is mainly neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and most of the venom is made of short neurotoxins. It also contains cytotoxins, which can kill cells, and enzymes called nucleases, which damage tissue at the bite. Severe pain and swelling appear quickly, and weakness, drowsiness and paralysis of the throat and limbs can appear within an hour. The venom can also affect the heart during the first few hours, and at least one heart attack after a bite has been recorded.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E a bolayaE nngwe ya diphoofolo tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng.

It is regarded as the most dangerous snake in Central Asia and has a high death rate. Between 1979 and 1987, 136 confirmed bites were attributed to it in the former Soviet Union. Of these, 8 people died after receiving antivenom, and 11 of the 15 who did not receive antivenom died. In Iran, it causes more deaths from snakebite than any other snake in the country. Without treatment, death can come in as little as 45 minutes or be delayed for up to 24 hours.1

Ditaba tse monate: dingaka di na le moriana (antivenom) kapa kalafo bakeng sa sena.1

E etsang ha e tshohile?

It tends to avoid people, but when cornered or provoked it spreads its hood, hisses, sways from side to side and strikes repeatedly.1

Haeba e loma

  • Medical treatment with antivenom is essential, because untreated bites are often fatal. Symptoms can worsen rapidly without treatment, so urgent medical care is needed.1
  • Boloka motho a sa sisinyehe ebile a kgutsitse, tlosa mesale le dintho tse tiileng, mme o mo ise sepetlele kapele: antivenom ke yona kalafo.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba e nngwe e o loma: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Caspian cobra bolelele ba e ka bang 1,7 m (5,6 ft)Motho e moholo e ka bang 1,7 m (5,6 ft)Baesekele ya motho e moholo e ka bang 1,8 m (5,9 ft)
e telele jwaloka dikatse tsa lapeng tse 3 ho tloha nkong ho isa mohatlenge telele jwaloka dibanana tse 9 tse latellanange ka matha metara e 100 ka metsotswana e 48 (motho ya potlakang ka ho fetisisa o hloka 9,6)

Caspian cobra e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

Many toxinological studies suggest that the Caspian cobra is the most venomous cobra in the world.1

2

A ribonuclease called ribonuclease V1, purified from its venom, is used as a laboratory reagent in molecular biology because it can break down structured RNA.1

3

It cannot spit venom, but it is a good climber and an able swimmer.1

4

It is the westernmost species of Asiatic cobra, and it can be found at heights of up to about 3,000 m.1

5

For most of the twentieth century it was treated as a subspecies of the Indian cobra, until genetic analysis showed it was a separate species.1

Ho senya ditshomo

Tshomo: Caspian cobras are always black, like some Indian cobras.

Nnete: The Caspian cobra is never fully black. Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, and it has several dark bands under the throat.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Naja oxiana
Sehlopha
Di-cobra, di-mamba le di-krait
Lelapa
Elapidae2
Tatelano
Squamata
Dikontinente
Asia
Kotsi ho batho
5 / 5: E a bolaya3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Caspian cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja oxiana (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Taba e nngwe le e nngwe leqepheng lena e na le nomoro e bontshang mohlodi wa yona. Haeba re entse phoso, re kopa tshwarelo, re barati ba diphoofolo, hase makasine wa saense. Re bolelle ho [email protected] mme re tla e lokisa.

Phepheng e lapile! Venom Wiki ke projeke ya motho a le mong: ke mahala, ha e na dipapatso ebile ha e na di-tracker. Thuso e nyenyane ya tjhelete e e boloka e ntse e le inthaneteng.Fepa phepheng

Tse ding tsa sehlopha se le seng: Di-cobra, di-mamba le di-krait

Indian cobraDi-cobra, di-mamba le di-kraitE a bolayaKing cobraDi-cobra, di-mamba le di-kraitE a bolayaCommon kraitDi-cobra, di-mamba le di-kraitE a bolayaMalayan kraitDi-cobra, di-mamba le di-kraitE a bolayaMany-banded kraitDi-cobra, di-mamba le di-kraitE a bolayaMonocled cobraDi-cobra, di-mamba le di-kraitE a bolaya

E boetse e phela: Asia

DeathstalkerDiphephengE a bolayaIndian saw-scaled viperDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaPuff adderDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaNoha ea RussellDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaAsian giant hornetDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE ka bolayaKomodo dragonMekgodutswane e nang le chefoE ka bolaya
Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala