Venom Wiki / Dibopiwa tsotlhe / Dinotshe, diwasepe le dihonete

Nom. 0979 ya 1 402

Paulista wasp

Polybia paulista

E utlwisa botlhoko felaE a utlwisa botlhoko, mme ga e kitla e go gobatsa thata.

Dinotshe, diwasepe le dihonete

Go tlhabaE ja: Bonnye jwa sengwe le sengwe

Kotsi go batho: E botlhokoE ka utlwisa botlhoko tota, mme go seoka thata gore e nne masisi.

The Paulista wasp is a social wasp that lives in colonies of thousands of wasps. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. Scientists are studying its venom because some of its peptides (small protein-like molecules) may one day help treat cancer and epilepsy.1

E tshela kwa

Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina; especially common in São Paulo, Brazil1

Amerika Borwa

Gae

It lives in tropical areas and builds its nests where they are protected from weathering. Up to three colonies can share the same location, and swarms appear from time to time.1

Boleele

1,1 cm (0,4 in)3

bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa e e godileng

Lebelo le le kwa godimo

e ka nna 22 km/h (14 mph)

Go fofa, kakanyo fela

E ja eng?

Workers forage for water, plant fibre or pulp, animal protein and carbohydrates. Animal protein is used to feed the larvae, and adults feed mainly on cactus fruits when these are plentiful.1

Setshwantsho sa Paulista wasp — Paulista wasp. Setshwantsho: Douglas. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

Lives in a colony with a division of labour between young, middle-aged and older wasps1
Builds a nest with combs and envelopes, which are fixed to a surface1
Forms a tight cluster of wasps on the outside of a new nest while the inside has little room1
Found in tropical areas of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina1

Maatla a botlhole

Go tlhaba

Botlhole bo tswa ka lemao le le tlhabang.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

The venom contains several peptides. These cause pain, swelling (oedema) and haemolysis, which means they break down red blood cells. They also trigger an inflammatory response, which causes physical discomfort.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E botlhokoE ka utlwisa botlhoko tota, mme go seoka thata gore e nne masisi.

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

Wasps use venom to defend themselves and their colony against predators, and workers defend the nest.1

Fa e tlhaba

Ntsha lemao la notshe ka go le kgwaratla, mme o tsidifatse lefelo leo.
Fa motho a hema ka bothata, sefatlhego kgotsa mometso o ruruga, kgotsa a ikutlwa a tla idibala, ke tshoganyetso ya aletshi: leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso mme o dirise pene ya gagwe ya adrenaline fa a na le yone.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
Fa e nngwe e go tlhaba: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

Aforika Asia Yuropa Amerika Bokone Amerika Borwa Australia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

e nnye mo e ka nnang mo lenaleng la gagoe ka fofa go kgabaganya lebala lotlhe la kgwele ya dinao ka metsotswana e le 17

Paulista wasp e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

Ntsi ya ntlo e ka nna 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

Paulista wasp e ka nna 22 km/h (14 mph)

Motho yo o tabogang ka bonako e ka nna 37 km/h (23 mph)

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

A peptide in the venom, called Polybia-MP1, kills cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact, according to research so far. Further studies are needed to confirm it is safe as a chemotherapy drug.1

The venom contains mastoparan, which has been shown to inhibit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas disease.1

Workers cool the nest by fanning their wings and spreading water on the combs, so the water evaporates and lowers the temperature.1

Colonies can contain from 10 to 94 queens, because young queens are constantly recruited.1

A colony can hold about 4,500 wasps during its early stage, and up to 13,000 wasps while males are being produced.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense: Polybia paulista
Setlhopha: Dinotshe, diwasepe le dihonete
Lelapa: Vespidae2
Lekoko: Hymenoptera
Dikontinente: Amerika Borwa
Masea: Queens lay eggs that develop into workers throughout the year, and they store sperm to fertilise the eggs.1
Kotsi go batho: 2 / 5: E botlhoko3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

Polybia paulista (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Polybia paulista (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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