Venom Wiki / Mbindeef yépp / Mbott yu am daŋar, crapaud ak triton

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Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium

Dafay metti rekkBul laalDafay metti, waaye du la lor bu bon.

Mbott yu am daŋar, crapaud ak triton

Daŋar ci deramDafay lekk: YàppAm daŋar ci yaram, du màtt walla jam

Musiba ci nit: Dafay mettiMën na metti lool, waaye lu bon du faral di am.

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

Am daŋar ci yaram walla am daŋar (màtt walla jam)? Rab yu am daŋar (màtt walla jam) dañuy sóob seen daŋar ci màtt walla ci jam. Rab yu am daŋar ci yaram dañuy lor ku leen laal walla ku leen lekk. Bii, daŋar ci yaram la am.

Dafay dund ci

Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1

Amerig gu Bëj-saalum

Kër

It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1

Guddaay

1,2 cm ba 2 cm (0,5 in ba 0,8 in)1

Gaawaay bu gën a kawe

lu tollu ci 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Ci suuf, xalaat

Lan lay lekk?

It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1

Fotoy Pumpkin toadlet — Pumpkin toadlet. Foto: Carlos Otávio Gussoni. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ni ngay ko xàmmee

Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
Females tend to be larger than males.1

Ñu ngi koy faral di jaxasoo ak: It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

Kàttanu daŋar

Daŋar ci deram

Deram am na daŋar. Musiba la ci laal, mar walla lekk.

Lan la daŋar bi ci yaramam di def?

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

Ni mu lore nit ñi?

Musiba ci nit: Dafay mettiMën na metti lool, waaye lu bon du faral di am.

Lan lay def bu tiitee?

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

Su kenn laalee ko walla mu lekk ko

Su kenn laalee benn: raxas loxo yi bu baax te bul laal bët yi walla gémmiñ gi. Su ab xale walla ab mala bu kër maree benn walla mu lekk benn: woo sa centre antipoison walla sa nimerob urgence.

Saa su nekk, woo jëkk sa nimerob urgence (112, 000, 911). Lii ay ndigal yu yaatu ci ndimbal yu jëkk la, du ndigalu doktoor. Li war a xam ci ndimbal yu jëkk

Sàmmal sa bopp

Bul laal mukk, bul jàpp, bul sonal ab rab bu àll, doonte bu ndaw la, te doonte dafa mel ni dafa nelaw walla dafa dee.
May ko bérab. Su nga ko gisee, dalal, dellu ginnaaw ndànk-ndànk te bàyyi ko mu dem yoonam.
Su nga ko laalee walla nga lekk ko: bul moos say bët walla sa gémmiñ, raxas say loxo te wutal ndimbal doktoor.

Du la wut. Daŋaram nekk na rekk ngir kenn bañ ko lekk. Yeneen ci ni ngay sàmme sa bopp

Fan ci àddina?

Afrig Asi Tugal Amerig gu Bëj-gànnaar Amerig gu Bëj-saalum Ostarali ak Oseyani

Ni mu réye?

Ni mu guddoo?

gën a gàtt sa baaraam bu ndawmën na daw 100 meetar ci 180 segond (nit ki gën a gaaw soxla na 9,6)

Pumpkin toadlet ni mu réye ci wetu YOW?

Ay waññ rekk ci sa navigateur. Dara du denc te dara du yónnee fenn.

Ni mu gaawe?

Ab mbonaat lu tollu ci 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Pumpkin toadlet lu tollu ci 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Ab nit kuy dox lu tollu ci 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

baax na xam

Xibaar

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

Tasukatu léeb

Xalaat bu juum: Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

Dëgg: Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

Ngir boroom xam-xam ci daŋar

Turu xam-xam: Brachycephalus ephippium
Mbooloo: Mbott yu am daŋar, crapaud ak triton
Njaboot: Brachycephalidae2
Toftal: Anura
Kontinaa yi: Amerig gu Bëj-saalum
Liir yi: It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
Ni mu nekke ci àll bi: Not considered threatened1
Musiba ci nit: 2 / 5: Dafay metti3

Fa xibaar yi jóge

Pumpkin toadlet (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Brachycephalus ephippium (iNaturalist): tur ak ni ñu leen séddale.
Venom Wiki: tolluwaayu musiba bi, réyaay bu yem bi ak xalaatu gaawaay bi, nun ñoo leen defar. Seetal ni nu leen waññe: Ni nuy natte musiba.

Xibaar bu nekk ci xët wii am na ab nimero buy won fa mu jóge. Su nu juumee, baal nu, nun ay nit ñu bëgg rab lanu, du ab jurnaalu xam-xam. Wax nu ko ci [email protected] te dinanu ko jubbanti.

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