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Nataal bu ñu rëdd ci Spider-tailed horned viper
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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Ci turam: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
Soxla na doktoorLu néew la mu rey, waaye màtt laaj na doktoor.
Vipère Dafay màttDafay lekk: Yàpp
Musiba ci nit: Lu bonMàtt laaj na doktoor. Ñi ciy dee dañoo néew lool.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Dafay dund ci
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
Asi
Kër
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Guddaay
60 cm (2 ft)3
réyaayu mag bu yem
Gaawaay bu gën a kawe
lu tollu ci 3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)
Ci suuf, xalaat
Lan lay lekk?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Dëgg-dëgg!Fotoy Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Foto: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Ni ngay ko xàmmee

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Ñu ngi koy faral di jaxasoo ak: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Kàttanu daŋar

Dafay màtt

Daŋar bi dafay génn ci bëñam yi su màttee.

Lan la daŋar biy sóob di def?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Ni mu lore nit ñi?

Musiba ci nit: Lu bonMàtt laaj na doktoor. Ñi ciy dee dañoo néew lool.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Su màttee

  • Def ba nit ki bañ a yëngu te dal, yemale cër bi ñu màtt ak kawewaayu xol bi, dindi jaaro yi ak lu xat lépp, te yóbbu ko lopitaan ci gaaw.

Saa su nekk, woo jëkk sa nimerob urgence (112, 000, 911). Lii ay ndigal yu yaatu ci ndimbal yu jëkk la, du ndigalu doktoor. Li war a xam ci ndimbal yu jëkk

Sàmmal sa bopp

  • Bul laal mukk, bul jàpp, bul sonal ab rab bu àll, doonte bu ndaw la, te doonte dafa mel ni dafa nelaw walla dafa dee.
  • May ko bérab. Su nga ko gisee, dalal, dellu ginnaaw ndànk-ndànk te bàyyi ko mu dem yoonam.
  • Su benn màttee la: dalal, bul yëngu, woo sa nimerob urgence (112, 000, 911) walla dem lopitaan ci gaaw. Bul fàtte ni mu meloon, ab nataal dina dimbali.

Du la wut. Dafay jëfandikoo daŋaram ngir jàpp lu muy lekk walla ngir aar boppam, te nëbbu moo ko gën a neex. Yeneen ci ni ngay sàmme sa bopp

Fan ci àddina?

AfrigAsiTugalAmerig gu Bëj-gànnaarAmerig gu Bëj-saalumOstarali ak Oseyani

Ni mu réye?

Ni mu guddoo?

Spider-tailed horned viper guddaayam lu tollu ci 60 cm (2 ft)Ab muusu kër lu tollu ci 50 cm (1,6 ft)Ab xaj lu tollu ci 1 m (3,3 ft)
guddu na ni 3 banaana yu ñu toftalemën na daw 100 meetar ci 110 segond (nit ki gën a gaaw soxla na 9,6)

Spider-tailed horned viper ni mu réye ci wetu YOW?

Ay waññ rekk ci sa navigateur. Dara du denc te dara du yónnee fenn.

Ni mu gaawe?

baax na xam

Xibaar

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Tasukatu léeb

Xalaat bu juum: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Dëgg: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Ngir boroom xam-xam ci daŋar

Turu xam-xam
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Mbooloo
Vipère
Njaboot
Viperidae2
Toftal
Squamata
Kontinaa yi
Asi
Musiba ci nit
3 / 5: Lu bon3

Fa xibaar yi jóge

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): tur ak ni ñu leen séddale.
  3. Venom Wiki: tolluwaayu musiba bi, réyaay bu yem bi ak xalaatu gaawaay bi, nun ñoo leen defar. Seetal ni nu leen waññe: Ni nuy natte musiba.

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