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Black-necked spitting cobra

Naja nigricollis

Malunga negama: The scientific name comes from Latin: 'niger' means black and 'collis' means neck. The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra.1

SinokubulalaSinokukubulala ukuba awunyangwanga. Ukuba siyakuluma okanye sitshica ityhefu emehlweni akho, fumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Amaphimpi, iimamba nee-krait

Siyafafaza okanye sitshicaSitya: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: Siyingozi kakhuluSinokubulala umntu ongafumani nyango.

The black-necked spitting cobra is a venomous snake found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. It can squirt venom from its fangs at a threat, and that venom can cause permanent blindness if it gets into the eyes. Its colours vary a lot from place to place.1

Sihlala

Mostly sub-Saharan Africa, in western, eastern, central and parts of southern Africa. Absent from the Congo Basin rainforests.1

IAfrika

Ekhaya

It usually lives in savanna and semi-desert, up to 1,800 metres, and also in moist savanna and cleared former forest, especially near rivers and streams. It is often met in villages and small towns, where it may come into direct contact with people. It hides in tree trunks, termite mounds and rodent holes.1

Ubude

1,2 m ukuya ku-2,2 m (3,9 ft ukuya ku-7,2 ft)1

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-7,8 km/h (4,8 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Sitya ntoni?

It feeds mainly on small rodents such as small rats and mice. It also eats birds, fishes, lizards, eggs and other snakes.1

Ifoto ka-Black-necked spitting cobra — Black-necked spitting cobra. Ifoto: Nigel Voaden. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

Moderately sized, with a moderately distinct head, and grows to 1.2 to 2.2 metres.1
Many specimens have a broad black neck band, often with an orange or pinkish bar on the neck.1
Colours vary by region: black or pale grey, yellowish-brown, deep reddish-brown, olive brown, striped black and white, or totally white with dark eyes.1
Some have a yellow or reddish belly, while others lack the neck bands and belly colour.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Siyafafaza okanye sitshica

Sifafaza okanye sitshica ulwelo oluhlabayo kwabo basihlaselayo.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

Its venom is mostly cytotoxic, meaning it destroys cells, and it also has typical elapid neurotoxic (nerve-attacking) effects and cardiotoxic (heart-damaging) components. A bite causes severe bleeding from the wound, tissue death around the bite, and difficulty breathing. Venom in the eyes causes extreme burning pain, loss of coordination, partial loss of vision, and permanent blindness.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Siyingozi kakhuluSinokubulala umntu ongafumani nyango.

Its venom is medically significant. The death rate for untreated bites is about 5 to 10%, and under 1% in areas where it is common. When death occurs, it is usually from paralysis of the diaphragm, the muscle used for breathing.1

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

It spits venom from its fangs at a threat, reaching up to 7 metres with good accuracy. It also bites readily, even with only slight provocation.1

Ukuba siyaluma okanye sitshica

If venom gets into the eyes, it should be washed off, because permanent blindness can follow if it is not. Anyone bitten should get medical treatment, as untreated bites carry a much higher risk of death.1
Gcina umntu engashukumi kwaye ezolile, susa imisesane nezinto eziqinileyo, uze umse esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza: i-antivenom lunyango.
Ukuba ityhefu itshicelwe emehlweni, wahlambulule ngamanzi amaninzi acocekileyo ngoko nangoko.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba siyakuluma okanye sitshica ityhefu emehlweni akho: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

ubude obulingana neekati zasekhaya eziyi-4 ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emsileniubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-12 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-46 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Black-necked spitting cobra mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Black-necked spitting cobra malunga ne-7,8 km/h (4,8 mph)

Umntwana okhwele ibhayisekile malunga ne-12 km/h (7,5 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

It can spit venom accurately more than 7 metres away.1

In 1944, a British eye surgeon, Major Harold Ridley, described eye damage from a spit from this cobra in Ghana. He treated the man and followed his case until the eye fully recovered.1

A single bite can deliver 200 to 350 mg of venom (dry weight), according to a 1974 study by Minton.1

It is an excellent tree climber and can live in trees at times.1

Wild-caught individuals tend to be nervous and spit readily, while captive-bred animals are much calmer.1

It can be active at night or during the day, depending on the season, location and temperature.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: Spitting cobras only spit venom and do not bite.

Inyaniso: The black-necked spitting cobra also bites, and it will do so with only slight provocation.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Naja nigricollis
Iqela: Amaphimpi, iimamba nee-krait
Usapho: Elapidae2
Ucwangco: Squamata
Amazwekazi: IAfrika
Iintsana: Females usually lay 10 to 15 eggs, though they can lay between 8 and 22. The young are about 20 to 25 cm long at birth and are fully independent.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 4 / 5: Siyingozi kakhulu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Black-necked spitting cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Naja nigricollis (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
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