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Jararaca

Bothrops jararaca

Malunga negama: The name jararaca comes from Old Tupi îararaka.1

SinokubulalaSinokukubulala ukuba awunyangwanga. Ukuba siyakuluma, fumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Ii-pit viper

UkulumaSitya: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: Siyingozi kakhuluSinokubulala umntu ongafumani nyango.

The jararaca is a highly venomous pit viper from South America. It is an important cause of snakebites in the areas where it lives. Its venom also gave scientists a peptide that was used to develop a family of heart and blood pressure drugs.1

Sihlala

Southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina (including Misiones province)1

uMzantsi Melika

Ekhaya

It mainly lives in dense tropical forests on the Atlantic coast. It also lives in thickets, savannas, semitropical highland forests and cultivated fields. Adults live on the ground, while juveniles also climb in trees.1

Ubude

1,6 m (5,2 ft)1

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-3,7 km/h (2,3 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Sitya ntoni?

Juveniles mainly eat frogs and arthropods, while adults mostly eat mammals, and about 80% of an adult's diet is rodents. It is an ambush predator, relying on good camouflage to catch prey. Juveniles also wiggle their white tail tip to lure prey, which looks like an insect larva.1

Ifoto ka-Jararaca — Jararaca. Ifoto: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

Slender body. Adults can reach a maximum total length of 160 cm, but most are much shorter.1
Colour varies a lot, from tan, brown, grey, yellow and olive to almost maroon.1
Rows of pale-edged, dark brown, triangular or trapezoidal markings run along each side of the body.1
A prominent dark brown stripe runs from behind each eye to the corner of the mouth.1
Juveniles have a white tip on the tail. The tongue is black and the iris is gold to greenish gold.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

The venom is quite toxic and affects blood clotting. Typical effects include local swelling, bruising and blistering of the bitten limb, and bleeding from the gums and into the skin. Serious cases can involve bleeding in the brain, shock and kidney failure.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Siyingozi kakhuluSinokubulala umntu ongafumani nyango.

In southeastern Brazil, this species caused 52% (3,446 cases) of snakebites recorded between 1902 and 1945, with a fatality rate of 0.7%. Its systemic symptoms can be fatal.1

Iindaba ezimnandi: oogqirha banamayeza (i-antivenom) okanye unyango lwale nto.1

Ukuba siyaluma

Get to a hospital fast. In a recorded case, a patient was treated in hospital with bothropic antivenom and fluid replacement.1
Gcina umntu engashukumi kwaye ezolile, gcina ilungu elilunyiweyo kwinqanaba lentliziyo, susa imisesane nezinto eziqinileyo, uze umse esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

ubude obulingana neekati zasekhaya eziyi-3 ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emsileniubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-9 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-97 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Jararaca mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Ufudo malunga ne-0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Jararaca malunga ne-3,7 km/h (2,3 mph)

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

The drugs known as ACE inhibitors, used to treat high blood pressure and some types of heart failure, were developed from a peptide found in this snake's venom. Brazilian scientist Sérgio Henrique Ferreira developed them in 1965.1

An enzyme derived from the venom, called haemocoagulase, is used as an anti-haemorrhagic drug, meaning it helps stop bleeding.1

Males mate with more than one female, and males sometimes fight over females.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Bothrops jararaca
Iqela: Ii-pit viper
Usapho: Viperidae2
Ucwangco: Squamata
Amazwekazi: uMzantsi Melika
Iintsana: Females give birth to live young from February to April, on average 10 to 14 offspring per season.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 4 / 5: Siyingozi kakhulu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Bothrops jararaca (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops jararaca (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
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