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Venom Wiki / Zonke izilwanyana / Ii-viper namarhamba
Ikhathuni ka-Nose-horned viper
Inombolo 0290 kwezi-1 402

Nose-horned viper

Vipera ammodytes
Malunga negama: The scientific name ammodytes comes from Greek words meaning 'sand' and 'burrower' or 'diver', even though it prefers rocky places rather than sand.1
SinokubulalaSinokukubulala ukuba awunyangwanga. Ukuba siyakuluma, fumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza.
Ii-viper namarhamba UkulumaSitya: Inyama
Ingozi ebantwini: Siyingozi kakhuluSinokubulala umntu ongafumani nyango.

The nose-horned viper is a venomous snake with a small, soft horn on the tip of its snout. It lives on dry, rocky hillsides in northern Italy, the Balkans and parts of Asia Minor. It is often described as the most dangerous snake in Europe, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

Sihlala
Northern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Georgia and Syria, with records in southern Austria, Romania and Bulgaria.1
IYurophu, IAsiya
Ekhaya
It mainly lives on dry, rocky hillsides with sparse plants. It is sometimes found in woodland edges and clearings, and near people on railway embankments, farmland and vineyards where rubble piles and stone walls are present. At lower latitudes it may be found above 2000 m.1
Ubude
14 cm ukuya ku-85 cm (5,5 in ukuya ku-2,8 ft)1
Esona santya siphezulu
malunga ne-3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)
Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje
Sitya ntoni?
Adults mainly eat small mammals and birds, and juveniles mostly eat lizards. Larger prey is struck, released, tracked and then swallowed, while smaller prey is swallowed without using the venom.1
Ngokwenene!Ifoto ka-Nose-horned viper
Nose-horned viper. Ifoto: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

  • A single small, soft and flexible horn on the snout, about 5 mm long.1
  • Males have a dark blotch or V-shaped marking on the back of the head and a thick black stripe running from behind the eye to the jaw.1
  • Males usually have a black tongue and a golden or coppery iris.1
  • Females are browner, with a less contrasting pattern and no dark blotch on the head.1
  • Both sexes have a dark zigzag stripe along the back, and the tail tip may be yellow, orange, red or green.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

The venom has both proteolytic (breaks down tissue) and neurotoxic (attacks the nerves) parts, and it contains blood-clotting agents. Bites cause pain, swelling and discolouration, which may start straight away, and there are also reports of dizziness and tingling. Humans respond rapidly to this venom.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Siyingozi kakhuluSinokubulala umntu ongafumani nyango.

It is likely the most dangerous snake found in Europe, and in some areas it is a significant medical risk. The venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available. It is generally lethargic and not aggressive, and it tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Iindaba ezimnandi: oogqirha banamayeza (i-antivenom) okanye unyango lwale nto.1

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

When surprised, some individuals stay still and hiss loudly, some hiss and then flee, and others try to bite immediately.1

Ukuba siyaluma

  • Get to a hospital: the venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available.1
  • Gcina umntu engashukumi kwaye ezolile, gcina ilungu elilunyiweyo kwinqanaba lentliziyo, susa imisesane nezinto eziqinileyo, uze umse esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

  • Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
  • Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
  • Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrikaIAsiyaIYurophuuMntla MelikauMzantsi MelikaIOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

Nose-horned viper malunga ne-85 cm ubude (2,8 ft)Ikati yasekhaya malunga ne-50 cm (1,6 ft)Inja malunga ne-1 m (3,3 ft)
ubude obulingana neekati zasekhaya eziyi-1,5 ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emsileniubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-5 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-100 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Nose-horned viper mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

1

Its venom is used to make antivenin for the bites of other European vipers, and the snake is farmed for this purpose.1

2

Its horn is soft and flexible, not hard like a true horn.1

3

Before mating, males perform a combat dance, similar to that of adders.1

4

On one island, snakes were smaller than elsewhere, which suggests regional or island dwarfism.1

5

It hibernates for two to six months each year, depending on conditions.1

6

It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother, so the young are born alive.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: Because of its reputation, it is an aggressive snake that bites readily.

Inyaniso: It is generally lethargic and not at all aggressive. It tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi
Vipera ammodytes
Iqela
Ii-viper namarhamba
Usapho
Viperidae2
Ucwangco
Squamata
Amazwekazi
IYurophu, IAsiya
Iintsana
It gives birth to live young, with one to twenty born in late summer or autumn (August to October). The young are 14 to 24 cm long at birth.1
Imeko yaso endle
Strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention1
Ingozi ebantwini
4 / 5: Siyingozi kakhulu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

  1. Vipera ammodytes (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Vipera ammodytes (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
  3. Venom Wiki: inqanaba lengozi, ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo noqikelelo lwesantya zezethu. Bona indlela esizifumana ngayo: Indlela esilinganisa ngayo ingozi.

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