第 0724 號，共 1 402 號

Black house spider

Badumna insignis

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

咬吃：肉

The black house spider is a dark, sturdy spider that lives across Australia. It was carried to New Zealand and Japan, and it often lives in homes, where it sits in a messy web in corners and near windows. It is venomous, but its bite is rarely a serious danger to people.1

分布在

Native to Australia. Introduced to New Zealand and Japan, and widely found in both Australia and New Zealand.1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

Outdoors, it is usually found on rough-barked trees. Indoors, it is often found in corners, around windows and doorways, or where lights attract insects.1

長度

1 cm 到 1,8 cm (0,4 in 到 0,7 in)1

最高速度

大約 0,86 km/h（0,53 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

The spider waits in its funnel-shaped retreat for insects to land in its web. Young spiders catch smaller prey that the larger female ignores.1

Black house spider 的照片 — Black house spider。照片：evaladyman。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

A dark, robust spider. Females have a body up to 18 mm long and a leg span of 30 mm.1
Males are smaller, about 10 mm long, with longer legs in proportion to their body.1
The body and legs are dark brown to black. The abdomen (rear part) is charcoal grey, with light markings that are sometimes faint, and it is covered in fine, velvety hair.1
The web looks messy, with irregular sail-like sheets of silk and a funnel-shaped retreat, usually in the middle or corner of the web.1

常被誤認為： The grey house spider (Badumna longinqua) is similar and has a similar range. It is slightly smaller, at about 14 mm, has a greyish top section (carapace) and black-brown legs. It is more often found outdoors.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The bite is venomous. It may be excruciatingly painful and cause local swelling. Nausea, vomiting, sweating and dizziness are occasionally recorded. In a few cases, skin lesions (arachnogenic necrosis, damage to the skin and tissue) have developed after several bites.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Black house spiders are venomous but are not considered dangerous. They are timid, and bites from them are infrequent.1

如果牠咬人

清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

比你的小指頭還短

Black house spider 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Black house spider 大約 0,86 km/h (0,53 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

A male plucks the female's web to attract her attention before he approaches to mate. They may stay together for several days and mate several times.1

The spider rarely moves its web, so old webs become messy, with dust and small objects stuck in them.1

At night, the spider repairs and adds to its web, often by laying new silk over the old.1

The female almost never leaves her web unless she is forced to.1

Predators include the white-tailed spider, as well as parasitic wasps and flies.1

破解迷思

迷思： Black house spiders are dangerous spiders.

真相： They are venomous, but they are not considered dangerous. They are timid, and their bites are infrequent.1

給毒液專家

學名: Badumna insignis
類群: 蜘蛛
家人: Desidae2
排序: Araneae
各大洲: 澳洲與大洋洲
寶寶: The female builds several white silk egg sacs inside the web retreat and stays with the eggs until they hatch. The young may leave or stay in the mother's web for some time.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3