第 0635 號，共 1 402 號

Katipo

Latrodectus katipo

名字的由來： The name is Māori for "night stinger", from the words kakati (to sting) and pō (the night).1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

蜘蛛

咬吃：昆蟲

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The katipō is a cobweb spider found only in New Zealand, where it lives in coastal sand dunes. It is closely related to the Australian redback spider. Its bite is venomous to people, but bites are rare.1

分布在

Only in New Zealand, along most coastal areas except the far south and the West Coast1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

Katipō live only in coastal sand dunes close to the sea, usually on the landward side of the dunes where they are sheltered from storms. Webs are built in low dune plants such as pīngao and marram grass, or under driftwood, stones and other debris, including rubbish.1

長度

1 cm (0,4 in)1

最高速度

大約 0,86 km/h（0,53 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Katipō feed mainly on ground-dwelling insects. They catch them in an irregular, tangled web spun close to the ground over open sand, among dune plants or under debris.1

Katipo 的照片 — Katipo。照片：Mark Anderson。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Adult females have a body length of 8–10 mm (about 0.3–0.4 in).1
The red katipō, found in the South Island and lower North Island, has a large black, shiny abdomen with a white-bordered orange or red stripe on top, and a red hourglass-shaped marking underneath.1
The black katipō, found in the upper North Island, has no upper red or orange stripe and is somewhat lighter in colour.1
Males are 4–5 mm long, white with black stripes and red hourglass-shaped markings.1

常被誤認為： Steatoda species, which share the same habitat, are very similar and are called "false katipō" in New Zealand. The katipō has a less shiny, more tapered abdomen, and its side eyes are further apart. It is also similar to the redback, but the katipō has only short hair-like spines on its abdomen, while the redback has a mix of long and short ones.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The bite can cause latrodectism, a toxic syndrome that affects the nerves and body. Symptoms include extreme pain and, potentially, high blood pressure (hypertension) or seizures.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Katipō are venomous to humans, but bites are described as rare. Serious symptoms are possible, including extreme pain, high blood pressure and seizures.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

如果牠咬人

清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

小到可以坐在你的指甲上

Katipo 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Katipo 大約 0,86 km/h (0,53 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

In one 24-hour study of young spiders, 28% left the web by ballooning, carried by air currents.1

Katipō is one of the few Māori words that refers to a specific species of spider.1

The female does not usually eat the male after mating, unlike some other widow spiders.1

Females cover their egg sacs with silk and sand, which partly hides them in the web.1

The katipō is found only in New Zealand.1

破解迷思

迷思： The katipō is just a form of the redback spider.

真相： The katipō is genetically and physically distinct from the redback, even though the two are closely related. It was once thought to be a subspecies of the redback.1

給毒液專家

學名: Latrodectus katipo
類群: 蜘蛛
家人: Theridiidae2
排序: Araneae
各大洲: 澳洲與大洋洲
寶寶: The female lays five or six egg sacs in November or December, with about 70 to 90 eggs in each. The young hatch after 20–25 days and leave the egg sac in January and February.1
牠在野外的狀況: In serious decline (New Zealand Threat Classification System)1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3