第 1228 號，共 1 402 號

Brown bullhead

Ameiurus nebulosus

名字的由來： The scientific name Ameiurus nebulosus comes from Greek and Latin words that refer to its whiskery catfish body and cloudy, speckled look.1

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：每樣都來一點

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The brown bullhead is a catfish with a sharp, venomous spine on its fins. It lives in lakes, ponds and slow streams across North America, and it is important to the Ojibwe people, who see it as one of their clan symbols.1

分布在

Native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia to Alabama and across the Great Lakes and Mississippi basins; also stocked widely elsewhere in North America, Europe, Chile and New Zealand.1

北美洲

首頁

It thrives in lakes, ponds and slow-moving streams, especially where the water is low in oxygen or muddy. It is a bottom-dwelling fish that feeds mostly at night.1

長度

20 cm 到 53 cm (7,9 in 到 1,7 ft)1

體重

500 g 到 3,6 kg (1,1 lb 到 7,9 lb)1

最高速度

大約 6 km/h（3,7 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is a bottom feeder that eats algae, leeches, worms, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, crayfish, smaller fish and fish eggs. It has poor eyesight and relies on its sensitive barbels to find food.1

Brown bullhead 的照片 — Brown bullhead。照片：unknown。 CC BY-SA 2.5, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Dark brown-green back that becomes lighter green and yellow towards the belly, which is off-white or cream1
Dark brown-black speckles over the whole body1
No scales1
Eight barbels (whisker-like feelers) around the mouth, with black to yellowish brown barbels on the chin1
Adults usually measure 20 to 50 cm and weigh 0.5 to 3.6 kg1

常被誤認為： The black bullhead and yellow bullhead are similar. The brown bullhead has yellow-black chin barbels, no pale bar at the base of the tail (which the black bullhead has), and 21 to 24 rays in its anal fin. The flathead catfish lacks the brown bullhead's tooth patch on the upper jaw.1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

When attacked, the bullhead stiffens the sharp spine on the front edge of its dorsal and pectoral fins. While doing this, it releases venom that stings and burns the predator.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Its fin spines can sting and burn, which is its main defence against predators. Treat any caught fish with care and avoid handling its spines.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When attacked, it stiffens its fin spines to make it harder for a predator to swallow it, and releases venom to sting and burn.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 30 根香蕉一樣重

跟 3 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 17 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長大約跟一隻家貓一樣重可以在 30 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Brown bullhead 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在游泳的人 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

Brown bullhead 大約 6 km/h (3,7 mph)

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It can survive very low oxygen levels, down to 0.2 ppm, and even heavily polluted water.1

Its spines can produce venom, which is unusual for a catfish species that is otherwise common and widely eaten.1

The brown bullhead is one of six beings in Ojibwe tradition that came out of the sea to form the original clans.1

Both males and females are known to eat their own eggs at times.1

給毒液專家

學名: Ameiurus nebulosus
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Ictaluridae2
排序: Siluriformes
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: The female lays eggs in dark places, such as under rocks or inside logs, and clusters can hold 50 to 10,000 eggs. The eggs usually hatch in six days, and parents look after the young for about five more days.1
壽命: 大約 8 年1
牠在野外的狀況: No special status under the IUCN, the US Endangered Species Program or CITES. It is a Species of Conservation Concern in Missouri.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3