第 1225 號，共 1 402 號

Tadpole madtom

Noturus gyrinus

名字的由來： The name "tom" is an old word for cat, and "tadpole" comes from its rounded tail fin, which looks like a tadpole's. The scientific name Noturus means "back tail" in Greek.1

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The tadpole madtom is a small freshwater fish that lives in slow, weedy waters in Canada and the United States. It has two spines near its chest that carry a venom, which it uses to defend itself from predators. Its name comes partly from its rounded tail fin, which makes it look a little like a tadpole.1

分布在

Canada and the United States, from Texas to Florida and north to New York1

北美洲

首頁

It lives in swamps, marshes, lakes and slow-moving streams and rivers. It prefers water that is 0.1 to 1.5 metres deep, with muddy, sandy or gravel bottoms and thick vegetation to hide in.1

長度

5 cm 到 13 cm (2 in 到 5,1 in)1

最高速度

大約 3,8 km/h（2,4 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats small invertebrates, mainly immature insects and small crustaceans such as water fleas, ostracods and amphipods. Smaller fish eat more small crustaceans, while larger fish take bigger prey such as worms and grass shrimp.1

Tadpole madtom 的照片 — Tadpole madtom。照片：Adam Cohen。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Dark brown back with lighter brown sides and a yellow or white belly1
A dark horizontal streak along each side, from bands of dark pigment on the jaws1
A large, round tail fin that is joined to the small fin on its back, giving it a tadpole-like shape1
Two spines on the pectoral (chest) fins, which carry venom1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Two pectoral spines transmit an anti-predatory venom. The spines are used to deter predators that get stuck by them.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When startled, it darts about in all directions, and it uses its venomous spines against predators.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 47 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Tadpole madtom 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在游泳的人 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

Tadpole madtom 大約 3,8 km/h (2,4 mph)

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It does not build a nest. It sometimes lays its eggs on submerged rubbish such as drink cans.1

Males sometimes use abandoned crayfish burrows as places to house eggs.1

Breeding males develop swollen lips and enlarged muscles on top of the head.1

Researchers in Wisconsin found that its stomach contents were about 44% insects and 28% small crustaceans.1

破解迷思

迷思： It is a tadpole.

真相： It is a fish. Its rounded tail fin gives it the appearance of a tadpole, which is where part of its name comes from.1

給毒液專家

學名: Noturus gyrinus
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Ictaluridae2
排序: Siluriformes
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: The female lays several clutches of 75 to 200 eggs during the breeding season, usually in June or July. The eggs are attached to solid objects such as rocks, logs or vegetation, and the male guards them until they hatch.1
牠在野外的狀況: Secure in most areas. Critically endangered in Pennsylvania, and considered vulnerable in several other regions.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3