第 1306 號，共 1 402 號

Golden poison frog

Phyllobates terribilis

名字的由來： The species name terribilis refers to the deadly toxins in the skin secretions of this frog.1

致命不要碰地球上最致命的動物之一。如果有人碰了或吃了牠，要立刻求救。快速救援和抗毒血清能救活大多數人。立刻打緊急電話。

箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈

皮膚裡有毒吃：昆蟲有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The golden poison frog is a small, bright frog from the rainforests of Colombia. It is considered the most poisonous animal species on Earth, even though it is small. Its bright colours warn predators to stay away.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Pacific coast of Colombia, in the Cauca and Valle del Cauca Departments, Chocó Rainforest1

南美洲

首頁

It lives in humid rainforest with high rainfall, from sea level up to 200 m. Its range is less than 5,000 square km. The frogs live in evenly spaced groups and are active during the day. Adults carry their tadpoles into the canopy and place them in water-filled pools in bromeliads and tree holes.1

長度

6 cm (2,4 in)1

體重

30 g (1,1 oz)1

最高速度

大約 4 km/h（2,5 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is an ambush hunter that eats mainly ants, along with many other insects and small invertebrates. Adults can eat prey much larger in relation to their size than most other dendrobatids. Tadpoles feed on algae, mosquito larvae and other edible material in their pools.1

Golden poison frog 的照片 — Golden poison frog。照片：Brian Gratwicke。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Adults are brightly coloured, in yellow, mint green, orange or golden yellow forms.1
Juveniles are mostly black with two golden-yellow stripes along their backs.1
Juveniles become fully coloured at about 18 weeks of age.1
It is the largest species in the poison dart frog family.1
Females are typically larger than males.1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

The frog's skin glands produce batrachotoxin, a very strong alkaloid poison. It affects the sodium channels of nerve cells, leaving muscles stuck in a contracted state. This can lead to paralysis, heart fibrillation, heart failure and death.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

An average wild frog is estimated to carry about one milligram of poison, enough to kill 10 to 20 humans. A predator usually has to try to eat the frog to be poisoned, but contact with the skin is also dangerous. Captive-bred frogs are not toxic.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Its bright colours warn predators of its toxicity, a pattern called aposematic coloration.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人碰了牠：把手徹底洗乾淨，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果小孩或寵物舔了或吃了牠：打給毒物諮詢中心或打緊急電話。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 30 根迴紋針一樣重

跟 2 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 90 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Golden poison frog 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Golden poison frog 大約 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Local indigenous peoples, such as the Emberá and Cofán, use the frog's poison on the tips of hunting darts and arrows. The poison stays deadly for two years or longer.1

The frog gets its toxicity from its diet. Frogs fed commercial feeder insects in captivity lose their toxicity over time.1

Scientists think a small beetle from the family Melyridae may be a key prey item that supplies the poison.1

The Leimadophis epinephelus snake has shown resistance to several frog toxins and has been seen eating juvenile frogs without harm.1

The frog's colour varies. The yellow form gives it its common name, but the species also has mint green, orange and orange blackfoot forms.1

破解迷思

迷思： All golden poison frogs are always poisonous.

真相： The frog only becomes toxic when it eats the right prey in the wild. Captive-bred frogs raised without their natural food are non-toxic.1

給毒液專家

學名: Phyllobates terribilis
類群: 箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈
家人: Dendrobatidae2
排序: Anura
各大洲: 南美洲
寶寶: The eggs are laid on the ground, hidden under leaf litter. Tadpoles stick to the mucus on the parent's back, and the parent carries them to water pools in the canopy.1
牠在野外的狀況: Endangered1
對人的危險: 5 / 5: 致命3