第 0966 號，共 1 402 號

German wasp

Vespula germanica

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

螫吃：每樣都來一點

The German wasp is a black and yellow social wasp that lives in colonies. It is native to Europe, Northern Africa and temperate Asia, but it has spread to many other parts of the world. Because it competes with local wildlife, it is treated as a pest in most areas outside its native range.1

分布在

Native to Europe, Northern Africa and temperate Asia; now established in North and South America, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia1

歐洲, 亞洲, 非洲

首頁

Most nests are built in the soil, below ground. A significant number are found in artificial structures such as attics, and a small number are above ground. Nests are made from chewed plant fibres mixed with saliva, and look grey and papery.1

長度

1,3 cm (0,5 in)1

體重

64 mg 到 84 mg (0 oz 到 0 oz)1

最高速度

大約 24 km/h（15 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

The German wasp eats carrion, live arthropods (including spiders), fruit, honeydew, and processed human food and garbage. It hunts small live prey and collects food from large stationary sources, and it also scavenges.1

German wasp 的照片 — German wasp。照片：Sid Mosdell。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

About 13 mm long, with typical wasp colours of black and yellow1
Workers have three tiny black dots on the clypeus (the front part of the head, between the eyes and mouthparts)1
Black marks on the abdomen are highly variable, so they are not a reliable way to identify it1
Grey paper nests, often in the soil or in attics1

常被誤認為： The German wasp is very similar to the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris). Unlike the common wasp, it has three tiny black dots on the clypeus, but this only applies to workers. In males, the normally unbroken black mark on the common wasp's clypeus can look broken, which makes it hard to tell the two apart. Members of Vespula are also often confused with the paper wasp Polistes dominula.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

如果牠螫人

把蜜蜂的螫針刮掉，然後冷敷患處。
如果傷者呼吸困難、臉部或喉嚨腫脹，或覺得快要昏倒，這就是過敏急症：打緊急電話，如果傷者有腎上腺素自動注射筆，就使用它。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

比一根迴紋針還輕

小到可以坐在你的指甲上輕到放在手上你也感覺不到可以在 16 秒內飛過一整座足球場

German wasp 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻家蠅 大約 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

German wasp 大約 24 km/h (15 mph)

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

值得知道

小知識

German wasps are invasive. They have spread to many continents and are especially successful at colonising new areas.1

They can outcompete many other animals for food, which has caused considerable harm to native wildlife where they have invaded.1

Female bee moths (Aphomia sociella) sometimes lay eggs in German wasp nests. Their larvae feed on the eggs, larvae and pupae, and can destroy large parts of the nest.1

In Australia, nests can grow very large and some survive the winter. In England, none of the nests in the study survive the winter.1

Queens mate with between one and seven males, and workers can lay eggs, although worker policing keeps most of their sons from reaching adulthood.1

Colonies grow rapidly over summer, with a large increase in worker numbers and nest size. In late summer, the colony focuses on producing new queens and males.1

破解迷思

迷思： German wasps are paper wasps because they build grey paper nests.

真相： The name is used by mistake. Strictly speaking, paper wasps belong to the subfamily Polistinae, while German wasps belong to the genus Vespula.1

給毒液專家

學名: Vespula germanica
類群: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
各大洲: 歐洲, 亞洲, 非洲
寶寶: A single queen starts a nest in spring and lays eggs in hexagonal cells, with one wasp developing in each cell through the egg, larva and pupa stages.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3