第 0157 號，共 1 402 號

Gwardar

Pseudonaja mengdeni

名字的由來： The scientific name Pseudonaja mengdeni honours Mengden, the person the species is named after; the name gwardar is one of its common names.1

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

澳洲的蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The gwardar, also called Mengden's brown snake or the western brown snake, is a venomous snake found in dry parts of Australia. It is considered dangerously venomous, and its bite can cause severe symptoms that may lead to death.1

分布在

Endemic to Australia: from the coast of Western Australia through central Australia to north-west New South Wales and western Queensland1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

It lives in dry to arid areas, including woodlands, spinifex deserts, sandplains, stony plains, croplands and grasslands. It is often found within fallen timber, dead trees, shrubs, native grasses and ground cavities.1

長度

2 m (6,6 ft)1

最高速度

大約 7,5 km/h（4,7 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It preys on small reptiles, mammals, other snakes, ground-nesting birds and bird eggs.1

Gwardar 的照片 — Gwardar。照片：Carl-st205。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Highly variable in colour, from light brown to almost black1
Two distinct forms: 'orange with black head' and 'pale head, grey nape'1
Scales on the head often form a black V or W pattern1
Cream, yellow, orange or grey belly, often with dark orange or grey blotches1
Slender body and narrow head, with a large strap-like scale around the front of the snout1

常被誤認為： It is often confused with the eastern brown snake, which has a pink mouth lining, and the northern brown snake, which has a purplish or blue-black mouth lining. It is also confused with other brown snakes and the black-headed python. Telling species apart reliably requires scale counts, which should only be done by an experienced herpetologist.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is neurotoxic, which attacks the nerves, and haemotoxic, which affects the blood. Its symptoms are severe and potentially fatal.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

It is considered dangerously venomous. Its bite can cause severe symptoms resulting in death. A scratch from its fangs can still be fatal.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it raises the front part of its body into an S-shape, lifts its head off the ground and opens its mouth.1

如果牠咬人

First aid must be applied and medical attention sought straight away. Brown snake antivenom is the treatment used in case of envenoming.1
加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。
不要清洗咬傷處：醫院可以檢驗留在皮膚上的毒液，選出正確的抗毒血清。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 11 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 48 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Gwardar 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Gwardar 大約 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is mainly active during the day, though it can be active on warm nights.1

Hybridisation between Pseudonaja species makes identifying them difficult.1

給毒液專家

學名: Pseudonaja mengdeni
類群: 澳洲的蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 澳洲與大洋洲
寶寶: It is oviparous, meaning it lays eggs, with up to more than 12 eggs per clutge.1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3