第 0739 號，共 1 402 號

Northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider

Hadronyche formidabilis

名字的由來： The species name comes from the Latin word formidabilis, meaning "terrifying".1

致命地球上最致命的動物之一。如果牠咬了你，要立刻求救。快速救援和抗毒血清能救活大多數人。立刻打緊急電話。

捕鳥蛛和漏斗網蜘蛛

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider is a large spider from eastern Australia. It lives mostly in trees, from South East Queensland to the Hunter River in New South Wales. Its venom can be deadly to people, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

分布在

Eastern Australia, from South East Queensland to the Hunter River in New South Wales1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

It lives in rotting logs, branches, and hollow furrows and pipes of trees, especially tallowwood, as well as in epiphytes. It has been recorded up to 30 m above the ground. Roving males are found after rain and at night, from late October to early February, and they shelter during the day.1

長度

4 cm 到 5 cm (1,6 in 到 2 in)1

最高速度

大約 1,4 km/h（0,87 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Wood-boring beetles are likely to be a main prey item, based on the spider's tree-dwelling habitat.1

Northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider 的照片 — Northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider。照片：Toby Hudson。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Has a glossy black carapace (the hard upper shell of the body).1
Chelicerae (fang-bearing parts), legs and abdomen are matte black or dark brown.1
The top of the abdomen may have a plum or purplish tinge.1
Body length is 40-50 mm, the largest of the funnel-web subfamily Atracinae.1
Cannot jump.1

常被誤認為： The ground-dwelling Darling Downs funnel-web spider (Hadronyche infensa) is very similar. Male northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spiders have a knobby spur on the tibia (a leg segment) of the second pair of legs, which male Darling Downs funnel-web spiders lack. Trapdoor spiders are browner overall.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is potentially deadly to humans and is regarded as the most toxic of the venoms in the family Atracidae. Symptoms can start within 15 to 20 minutes. Common symptoms include sweating, high blood pressure, a fast heart rate, muscle spasms, nausea, vomiting, changes in consciousness and pain at the bite site. Fluid in the lungs (pulmonary oedema) is frequent and comes on early.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The venom is potentially deadly. Of eight recorded bites, five caused severe symptoms of envenomation. Because the spider is larger than the Sydney funnel-web, it may inject more venom, which could make it possibly the deadliest venomous spider in the world per volume of venom.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it rears up, displays its fangs, and drops of venom appear on the fang tips.1

如果牠咬人

Pressure bandages and immobilising the patient can significantly delay the onset of symptoms. This remains a critical part of managing a bite from an Australian funnel-web spider.1
清洗咬傷處並冷敷。如果很痛或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。
在澳洲，任何大型黑色蜘蛛的咬傷都要當成漏斗網蜘蛛咬傷處理：加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

比你的小指頭還短可以在 260 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider 大約 1,4 km/h (0,87 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It may be possibly the deadliest venomous spider in the world per volume of venom, because it is larger than the Sydney funnel-web and may inject more venom.1

It is the largest member of the funnel-web subfamily Atracinae, with a body length of 40-50 mm.1

It has been recorded living in trees 30 m above the ground.1

It is one of only two Australian funnel-web species that live mostly in trees. The other is the southern tree-dwelling funnel-web.1

It cannot jump.1