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Oak processionary 的卡通圖
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Oak processionary

Thaumetopoea processionea
名字的由來： The name comes from the caterpillars' habit of moving in nose-to-tail lines called processions.1
只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。
毛毛蟲和其他蟲子 會螫人的毛吃：植物
對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The oak processionary is a moth whose caterpillars feed on oak leaves and can strip trees bare. The caterpillars travel in long, nose-to-tail lines, which is how they got their name. Their fine, hair-like bristles can irritate skin and breathing, so they matter a lot to people.1

分布在
Central and southern Europe, occasionally as far north as Sweden; now established in the UK and Belgium1
歐洲
首頁
Oak forests and oak trees, where the caterpillars feed and build silk nests on trunks and branches. People can meet them in oak woodland, on the ground under oaks, and in gardens and parks with oak trees. Their hairs can also reach lawns and garden ponds.1
長度
2,5 cm 到 3,5 cm (1 in 到 1,4 in)1
最高速度
大約 0,03 km/h（0,02 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
Caterpillars eat oak leaves, feeding in the tree crowns at night and returning to their nests. They also eat the leaves of hazel, hornbeam, sweet chestnut, birch and beech, though oak is preferred.1
是真的！Oak processionary 的照片
Oak processionary。照片：Kleuske。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • Adult moths have a wingspan of 25 to 35 mm and are tan, brown and white, which makes them hard to see against oak bark.1
  • Caterpillars have very long, white hairs that contrast with shorter hairs.1
  • Caterpillars march in lines, often arrow-shaped, with a leader and rows of several caterpillars side by side.1
  • Nests are white and silk-like when new, and become discoloured and hard to see over time.1
  • Nests can be round, teardrop-shaped, bag-like or blanket-like, and can be found at any height on an oak tree.1

常被誤認為： Caterpillars of several other species may be mistaken for the oak processionary. Unlike other caterpillars, the oak processionary does not live on fences or walls, so it is mostly found in oak trees or on the ground beneath them in late spring and early summer.1

毒液力量

會螫人的毛

細小的毛或刺毛會斷在皮膚裡，造成刺痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The caterpillars' back bristles contain a urticating toxin called thaumetopoein, a protein that irritates the skin. Contact can cause a papular rash and itching, and the hairs can also cause eye inflammation (conjunctivitis). If the hairs are breathed in, they can cause sore throat (pharyngitis), breathing problems, asthma, or in rare cases anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The moths are an increasing nuisance to people as their range grows, and the hairs can cause a skin condition called epidemic caterpillar dermatitis. The hairs break off easily, float in the air, and can stay harmful for several seasons. Mowing a lawn can bring people into contact with them.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

The caterpillars defend themselves with thousands of pointed, easily broken bristles on their backs that float in the air and irritate the skin.1

如果你碰到牠的毛

  • The skin irritation and itching can be largely relieved by cetirizine-based antihistamine tablets. Anyone with breathing problems or a severe reaction needs urgent medical help.1
  • 被會螫人的毛毛蟲毛刺到時：用膠帶把毛黏起來，再清洗皮膚。不要搓揉。
  • 被咬時：清洗並冷敷。如果傷者覺得不舒服或容易流血，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果你碰到牠的毛：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Oak processionary 大約 3,5 cm 長 (1,4 in)一根迴紋針 大約 3 cm (1,2 in)一支智慧型手機 大約 15 cm (5,9 in)
大約跟一根迴紋針一樣長比花園蝸牛還慢

Oak processionary 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Older caterpillars can have up to 63,000 pointed defensive bristles on their backs.1

2

In 2007, soldiers were deployed to burn infestations in the Belgian province of Limburg.1

3

The UK government spent £37 million trying to control the caterpillars, which had spread to all 33 London boroughs by 2019.1

4

In the Netherlands, great tits have been observed eating the young caterpillars before their hairs develop in April.1

5

In 2023, an outbreak in Ireland was successfully eradicated.1

給毒液專家

學名
Thaumetopoea processionea
類群
毛毛蟲和其他蟲子
家人
Notodontidae2
排序
Lepidoptera
各大洲
歐洲
寶寶
Eggs hatch into caterpillars that build communal silk nests in oak trees, and the caterpillars later pupate into adult moths in these nests.1
對人的危險
2 / 5: 疼痛3

知識的出處

  1. Oak processionary (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Thaumetopoea processionea (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 毛毛蟲和其他蟲子

Pine processionary毛毛蟲和其他蟲子只是會痛不要碰Common bombardier beetle毛毛蟲和其他蟲子無害Brown-tail moth毛毛蟲和其他蟲子只是會痛不要碰Masked hunter毛毛蟲和其他蟲子只是會痛Pine-tree lappet毛毛蟲和其他蟲子只是會痛不要碰Common backswimmer毛毛蟲和其他蟲子無害

也分布在: 歐洲

Common European adder蝰蛇需要看醫生Spanish fly其他有毒動物需要看醫生不要碰Common wasp蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂只是會痛European hornet蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂只是會痛Fire salamander箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈只是會痛不要碰Western honey bee蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂只是會痛
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