第 1043 號，共 1 402 號

Pine processionary

Thaumetopoea pityocampa

名字的由來： The name comes from the Ancient Greek pityokampē, meaning "Aleppo pine larva", from pitys (pine) and kampē (caterpillar).1

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

毛毛蟲和其他蟲子

會螫人的毛吃：植物

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The pine processionary is a moth whose caterpillars are famous for marching in long, nose-to-tail lines through pine woods. Their hairs cause painful rashes and eye irritation, and they can strip the needles from whole trees. It lives around the Mediterranean and is spreading north.1

分布在

Southern Mediterranean area, North Africa, the Middle East and southern Europe; now spreading north into France1

歐洲, 非洲, 亞洲

首頁

Coniferous forests, mostly pine trees, though sometimes cedar or larch. The caterpillars live in large silk nests high in the trees, and pupate in soil under the ground.1

長度

4 cm (1,6 in)3

一般成體大小

最高速度

大約 0,03 km/h（0,02 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

The caterpillars feed on pine needles, leaving the trees defoliated when there are large numbers. They come out to feed at night.1

Pine processionary 的照片 — Pine processionary。照片：unknown。 Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Caterpillars are orange-brown and hairy, with blue bands.1
Large silken nests in pine trees, often with several in one tree and signs of stripped needles.1
Caterpillars move in single-file processions, usually at night and when leaving the tree to pupate.1
Adults have predominantly light brown forewings with brown markings and white hindwings.1
Adult males have a crescent marking on the wings and are larger than the oak processionary.1

常被誤認為： The oak processionary (Thaumetopoea processionea) is smaller as an adult, has an indistinct wing marking rather than a crescent, and lives in broad-leaved rather than coniferous forests. The pale eggar moth has no crescent marking on its wings.1

毒液力量

會螫人的毛

細小的毛或刺毛會斷在皮膚裡，造成刺痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The species is not venomous. Its caterpillars have hairs containing an irritant chemical called thaumetopoein, which causes skin rashes (urticaria) and eye irritation on contact. Some people may have an allergic reaction. The hairs of fifth-stage larvae can also break off and spread across nearby exposed skin.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Simple contact with the caterpillar hairs can cause severe rashes and eye irritation in humans and other mammals. Some individuals may have an allergic reaction.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When stressed or threatened, fifth-stage caterpillars eject harpoon-shaped hairs that irritate any exposed skin nearby.1

如果你碰到牠的毛

被會螫人的毛毛蟲毛刺到時：用膠帶把毛黏起來，再清洗皮膚。不要搓揉。
被咬時：清洗並冷敷。如果傷者覺得不舒服或容易流血，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰到牠的毛：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

大約跟一根迴紋針一樣長比花園蝸牛還慢

Pine processionary 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

Pine processionary 大約 0,03 km/h (0,02 mph)

一隻花園蝸牛 大約 0,05 km/h (0,03 mph)

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Caterpillars in a procession hold together through touch from the caterpillar in front, which takes priority over the trail pheromone or silk.1

The caterpillars are one of the few temperate-zone insects whose larvae develop through the winter, living in silk nests high in pine trees.1

Adults live for only a single day, during which they mate and lay eggs.1

The Greek physician Dioscorides described the itching caused by this caterpillar in the 1st century AD, and Pliny the Elder recorded a treatment for it.1

Outbreaks are somewhat cyclical, with a period of 7 to 9 years.1

破解迷思

迷思： Fabre's caterpillars marched in a circle around a flower pot only because they were trapped on its rim.

真相： Young caterpillars' circular trails continue for as long as 12 hours even when they are free on a flat surface.1

給毒液專家

學名: Thaumetopoea pityocampa
類群: 毛毛蟲和其他蟲子
家人: Notodontidae2
排序: Lepidoptera
各大洲: 歐洲, 非洲, 亞洲
寶寶: Each female lays an enormous number of eggs near the tops of pine trees, in cylindrical egg masses 4 to 5 cm long covered with scales that mimic pine shoots.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3