第 0953 號，共 1 402 號

Oriental hornet

Vespa orientalis

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

螫吃：每樣都來一點

The Oriental hornet is a large social wasp that lives in colonies of thousands of insects, led by a single queen. It lives in parts of Southwest Asia, Northeast Africa, the Middle East and Southern Europe, and it is one of the main pests of honey bees. Its sting can be very painful.1

分布在

Southwest Asia, Northeast Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and parts of Southern Europe; also introduced to Chile, Mexico and Madagascar1

歐洲, 亞洲, 非洲

首頁

Most nests are dug underground. Some paper nests are built in sheltered spaces such as hollow trees, shipping containers, parked vehicles and aircraft. Hornets also raid bee hives for honey and bee larvae.1

長度

2,5 cm 到 3,5 cm (1 in 到 1,4 in)1

最高速度

大約 32 km/h（20 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Adults feed on nectar, honeydew and fruit. They hunt insects such as grasshoppers, flies and other hornets, and collect pieces of fresh or spoiled meat and fish to feed their young.1

Oriental hornet 的照片 — Oriental hornet。照片：Dr. Nasser Halaweh。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Reddish-brown body1
Thick yellow bands across the abdomen1
Yellow patches on the head between the eyes1
Body 25 to 35 mm long; the queen and drones are larger than workers1
Very strong jaws, and will bite if provoked1

常被誤認為： It looks similar to the European hornet (Vespa crabro). The Asian giant hornet of East Asia should not be confused with it. Males (drones) have 13 antenna segments, while workers and the queen have 12.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The sting is quite painful to people. Some people are allergic to these stings. Tests on the venom showed that it slowed the growth of some Gram-positive bacteria, a group of bacteria, so it may be useful as a medicine.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The sting can be quite painful, and some people are allergic to it.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Workers defend the colony, and will bite if provoked.1

如果牠螫人

把蜜蜂的螫針刮掉，然後冷敷患處。
如果傷者呼吸困難、臉部或喉嚨腫脹，或覺得快要昏倒，這就是過敏急症：打緊急電話，如果傷者有腎上腺素自動注射筆，就使用它。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

大約跟一根迴紋針一樣長可以在 12 秒內飛過一整座足球場

Oriental hornet 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻家蠅 大約 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

Oriental hornet 大約 32 km/h (20 mph)

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

值得知道

小知識

The yellow stripe on its exoskeleton can absorb sunlight and generate a small electrical potential, which may help supply energy for digging.1

A 2024 study found that hornets fed sugary solutions containing up to 80% ethanol for a week showed no harmful effects on behaviour or lifespan. Most animals tolerate only up to 4%.1

It is the primary pest that attacks honey bee colonies in many countries.1

It is the only member of the genus Vespa that lives in desert climates, such as those in North Africa and the Middle East.1

Unlike most wasps, which are most active early in the morning, it is most active in the middle of the day.1

Its sisters are closely related, with each worker on average 75% related to her sisters, so workers help raise the colony's young.1

給毒液專家

學名: Vespa orientalis
類群: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
各大洲: 歐洲, 亞洲, 非洲
寶寶: The queen lays eggs in the comb cells. Some eggs become new queens and drones, and workers raise the young, called brood.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3