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Pygmy copperhead 的卡通圖
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Pygmy copperhead

Austrelaps labialis
名字的由來： "Copperhead" refers to the colour of the scales on its back and around its snout and eyes, and "pygmy" refers to its smaller size compared with its relatives.1
需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。
澳洲的蛇 咬吃：肉
對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The pygmy copperhead is a small, venomous snake found only in South Australia, mainly on Kangaroo Island and in the Fleurieu Peninsula and Mount Lofty Ranges. It is the smallest of the Australian copperheads. Its venom is dangerous, so prompt medical treatment matters.1

分布在
Endemic to South Australia: Kangaroo Island, Fleurieu Peninsula and Mount Lofty Ranges. Sightings on islands between mainland Australia and Tasmania.1
澳洲與大洋洲
首頁
It lives in moist areas near streams, in swamps, marshland, and open sclerophyll woodland and forest, where average yearly rainfall is 600–800 mm. Sightings have also been made in the Adelaide Hills, and on islands near Tasmania, probably after accidentally stowing away on boats.1
長度
60 cm 到 1,2 m (2 ft 到 3,9 ft)1
最高速度
大約 6,4 km/h（4 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It eats smaller animals, most often small lizards, frogs and tadpoles. It feeds more often than the highland and lowland copperheads. Cannibalism has also been reported.1
是真的！Pygmy copperhead 的照片
Pygmy copperhead。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • Dorsal scales are brown to grey, with a darker stripe along the spine.1
  • The belly is cream to light grey, with red along the edges that fades to a brown-grey underside.1
  • The lip scales are barred with dark colour.1
  • Adults average about 80 cm long, with males usually larger than females.1
  • Newborns often have paler backsides than adults.1

常被誤認為： The highland and lowland copperheads are larger, and the pygmy copperhead is the smallest of the Australian copperheads. It is not closely related to the American copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is strongly neurotoxic, which means it attacks the nerves, and its toxicity is similar to that of the Indian cobra. It is weakly coagulant and strongly anticoagulant, meaning it can both disrupt blood clotting and destroy blood and muscle. Without prompt treatment, a bite can cause possibly irreversible damage to nerve endings.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Bites are considered possibly lethal. The snake is not known for being aggressive and is unlikely to attack unless it is stepped on or purposely provoked.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is generally unobtrusive and usually hides under leaf litter, old iron and haystacks.1

如果牠咬人

  • Prompt antivenom treatment is essential, because bites are considered lethal without it. Antivenom developed from tiger snake venom cannot completely neutralise the neurotoxicity of pygmy copperhead venom.1
  • 加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。
  • 不要清洗咬傷處：醫院可以檢驗留在皮膚上的毒液，選出正確的抗毒血清。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Pygmy copperhead 大約 1,2 m 長 (3,9 ft)一隻狗 大約 1 m (3,3 ft)一個大人 大約 1,7 m (5,6 ft)
跟 2,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 7 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 56 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Pygmy copperhead 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Sightings on islands near Tasmania are probably the result of snakes stowing away on boats.1

2

It is the only snake endemic to South Australia.1

3

It is the smallest of the Australian copperhead snakes.1

4

Its litter size is about half that of the other Australian copperheads, which is linked to its smaller body size.1

5

In field research, only about two thirds of surveyed adult females were reproductive, which suggests females do not breed every year.1

破解迷思

迷思： Because it is small and not aggressive, the pygmy copperhead is harmless.

真相： Its venom is strongly neurotoxic, and its bite is considered possibly lethal without prompt antivenom treatment.1

給毒液專家

學名
Austrelaps labialis
類群
澳洲的蛇
家人
Elapidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
澳洲與大洋洲
寶寶
It gives birth to live young, commonly seven per litter, with an average maximum of 20 in a single litter.1
對人的危險
3 / 5: 嚴重3

知識的出處

  1. Pygmy copperhead (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Austrelaps labialis (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 澳洲的蛇

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也分布在: 澳洲與大洋洲

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