第 0740 號，共 1 402 號

Southern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider

Hadronyche cerberea

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

咬

This is a funnel-web spider that spends most of its life in trees. It lives in eastern Australia, and its venom is strong enough that its bites are treated as serious medical emergencies. It is one of only two Australian funnel-web species that mostly live in trees.1

分布在

Eastern Australia, from the Hunter River in central New South Wales to southern New South Wales1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

It mostly lives in trees in dry sclerophyll forest, a type of dry forest with hardy eucalypt-type trees. In Tallaganda National Park and nearby areas it lives alongside Atrax sutherlandi, a funnel-web that burrows in the soil.1

長度

7 cm (2,8 in)3

一般成體大小

最高速度

大約 1,4 km/h（0,87 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

Southern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider 的照片 — Southern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider。照片：Alan Couch。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Glossy black carapace (the hard shell covering the front of the body)1
Matte black or dark brown chelicerae (the fang-bearing mouthparts) and legs1
Light maroon-brown to dark brown abdomen (the rear part of the body)1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains a peptide called Hc3a, a small protein molecule. It does not contain atraxotoxin or atraxin, which are found in the Sydney funnel-web, yet its symptoms are very similar. Symptoms can begin within 15 to 20 minutes and include heavy sweating, high blood pressure, a fast heart rate, nausea, vomiting and pain at the bite site. Fluid can build up in the lungs early on (pulmonary oedema).1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Three out of four recorded bites caused severe symptoms. This is a higher proportion than the Sydney funnel-web spider.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

如果牠咬人

Applying pressure and a tourniquet can significantly delay the onset of symptoms and is a critical part of managing a bite from an Australian funnel-web spider. The venom can be successfully treated with antivenom made for the Sydney funnel-web spider.1
清洗咬傷處並冷敷。如果很痛或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。
在澳洲，任何大型黑色蜘蛛的咬傷都要當成漏斗網蜘蛛咬傷處理：加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 2 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 260 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Southern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Southern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider 大約 1,4 km/h (0,87 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Three out of four recorded bites from this spider caused severe symptoms, a higher share than the Sydney funnel-web spider.1

Symptoms can start within 15 to 20 minutes of a bite.1

Its venom does not contain atraxotoxin or atraxin, yet its symptoms are very similar to those of the Sydney funnel-web.1

It is one of only two Australian funnel-web species that live mainly in trees, the other being the northern tree-dwelling funnel-web (Hadronyche formidabilis).1

Genetic analysis shows that this spider has spread through parts of southeastern New South Wales quite recently and rapidly.1

The type specimen, a female collected in Sydney, was destroyed in World War II bombing, so a neotype was chosen in 2010 and is kept at the Australian Museum in Sydney.1