第 0185 號，共 1 402 號

Stephens' banded snake

Hoplocephalus stephensii

名字的由來： Its scientific name, stephensii, honours the Australian academic William John Stephens.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

澳洲的蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Stephens' banded snake is a tree-dwelling snake that lives only on the east coast of Australia. It is highly venomous, and its venom affects the blood, so it is one of the snakes that people should give plenty of space. It spends most of its life high in the trees of forests.1

分布在

East coast of Australia, from south-eastern Queensland (Kroombit Tops) to the Gosford area of New South Wales1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

It lives in high-rainfall remnant forests, away from human activity, up to 950 m above sea level. It usually rests about 20 m up in canopy trees, often in tree hollows, and may also live on the ground.1

長度

25 cm 到 1,2 m (9,8 in 到 3,9 ft)1

體重

250 g (9 oz)1

最高速度

大約 6,6 km/h（4,1 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is a nocturnal predator that hunts both by actively searching and by ambush. It often coils among rodent nests in tree hollows and waits for prey to return. It mainly eats frogs, small lizards, bush rats, mice and pygmy possums, and it hunts juveniles because its mouth is too small for adult prey.1

Stephens' banded snake 的照片 — Stephens' banded snake。照片：dhfischer。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Alternating bands of grey or black and dirty-white along the back, with over 40 of each colour from the back of the head to the tip of the tail1
A flat, mostly dirty-white belly, with occasional grey splotches towards the head and tail1
A dark brown top of the head, with pale blotches or bars along the lips1
A slender body with a broadened, arrow-shaped head1
Mostly active at night, and often found in tree hollows high in the canopy1

常被誤認為： Its closest relatives are the broad-headed snake, which shares its coastal range, and the pale-headed snake, which lives further inland. All three are tree-dwelling snakes in the same genus.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot. It contains prothrombinase, which triggers the production of thrombin in the blood, causing tiny clots throughout the body. Symptoms include nausea, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and sweating. If left untreated, the clotting leads to excessive bleeding as blood vessels rupture.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

It is described as a ready biter, and its envenoming is potentially fatal. Only one death has been recorded: an elderly man in his 60s in Kalang, New South Wales, whose rescue was delayed by torrential rain and floods.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is described as nervous and defensive towards other animals, and it is a ready biter when threatened.1

如果牠咬人

Victims have been successfully treated with up to four doses of 3,000 unit tiger snake antivenom. The wounded person must be transported to hospital for medical treatment.1
加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。
不要清洗咬傷處：醫院可以檢驗留在皮膚上的毒液，選出正確的抗毒血清。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 2 根香蕉一樣重

跟 2,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 7 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 55 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Stephens' banded snake 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Stephens' banded snake 大約 6,6 km/h (4,1 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is one of the few mainly tree-dwelling elapid snakes in Australia.1

A single individual may use up to 30 different trees within its range.1

It hibernates, or brumates, for up to five months through winter inside a tree hollow.1

Males may use home ranges averaging 20.2 hectares, while females average 5.4 hectares.1

It is the largest species in the genus Hoplocephalus, and females are usually larger than males.1

It is slow to mature, with males reaching sexual maturity at three years and females at four years.1

給毒液專家

學名: Hoplocephalus stephensii
類群: 澳洲的蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 澳洲與大洋洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young, with between one and nine offspring per litter. Females are only pregnant every two years.1
牠在野外的狀況: Near Threatened (IUCN Red List)1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3