第 0304 號，共 1 402 號

Walser viper

Vipera walser

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

咬

The Walser viper is a venomous snake found only in a small area of the western Italian Alps. Scientists only recognised it as its own species after genetic studies, because it looks very much like the common adder. Its tiny range makes it one of the more unusual vipers in Europe.1

分布在

Western Italian Alps, in northern eastern Piedmont (endemic, found nowhere else)1

歐洲

首頁

It lives in open areas in valleys with high rainfall, at heights of 1300 to 2300 metres. It is mostly found on gentle slopes that face south and have little forest cover.1

長度

55 cm (1,8 ft)3

一般成體大小

最高速度

大約 3,3 km/h（2,1 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

Walser viper 的照片 — Walser viper。照片：HerrVillhelm。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Colour varies a great deal between individuals.1
Many have a zigzag pattern along the back, while others have a reduced pattern of horizontal bars.1
Some individuals are melanistic, meaning they are very dark or black.1
Most have 1.5 to 2 rows of scales below the eye on each side of the head.1

常被誤認為： It closely resembles the common adder (Vipera berus), which is far more widespread. The Walser viper has more scales on the top of the head, these head shields are more often broken up, and it usually has 1.5 to 2 rows of scales below each eye, where the common adder usually has only one.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 17 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 110 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Walser viper 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Walser viper 大約 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

For a long time it was thought to be an isolated group of the common adder, until genetic analysis showed it is a separate species related to the Vipera ursinii group.1

Its genetic variety is low, which may make it more vulnerable to disturbance.1

Its range is split into two separate populations: a southern one of about 225 km² and a northern one of about 45 km².1

It lives at high altitude, between 1300 and 2300 metres.1

破解迷思

迷思： The Walser viper is just an isolated population of the common adder (Vipera berus).

真相： Molecular analyses have shown it is a distinct species, related to the Vipera ursinii group.1

給毒液專家

學名: Vipera walser
類群: 蝰蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 歐洲
牠在野外的狀況: Not yet evaluated by the IUCN. The original species description argues for a classification of Endangered, because its range is under 1000 km².1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3