第 0630 号，共 1 402 张

Southern black widow

Latrodectus mactans

需要看医生很少致命，但被咬了要去看医生。

咬伤吃：肉

The southern black widow is a venomous spider that lives in North America. Mature females are shiny black with a red hourglass mark on their underside. Its bite can cause pain and other symptoms, but it is rarely fatal to healthy people.1

生活在

Native to North America, mainly the southeastern United States. Also found in Mexico and the Dominican Republic, and established in Hawaii (USA).1

北美洲

首页

It builds tangled, three-dimensional cobwebs and waits in a retreat near them. One way it has reached Hawaii is through imported produce.1

长度

8 mm到1.3 cm (0.3 in到0.5 in)1

最高速度

约 0.98 公里/小时（0.61 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats a variety of insects, and also woodlice, millipedes, centipedes and other spiders. When prey is caught in its web, it rushes out, wraps the prey tightly in silk, and bites it. It then releases digestive enzymes into the wound and carries the prey back to its retreat to feed.1

Southern black widow的照片 — Southern black widow。照片：unknown。 CC BY 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Mature females are shiny black, with a red hourglass-shaped mark on the underside of a very rounded abdomen.1
Many females have an orange or red patch on the top of the abdomen, just above the spinnerets.1
Mature females have a body length of 8–13 mm, not counting the legs. Males are 3–6 mm.1
Juveniles look very different. They have a grey to black abdomen with white stripes across it, spotted with yellow and orange.1
Males are either purple, or look more like the juveniles.1

常被误认为： It is often confused with the false widows (genus Steatoda) and with the closely related northern (L. variolus) and western (L. hesperus) black widows.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom contains alpha-latrotoxin, a neurotoxic venom that attacks the nerves. It causes pain and other symptoms, which are collectively called latrodectism.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

Deaths in healthy adults are exceedingly rare. No deaths were reported among 23,409 documented Latrodectus bites in the US from 2000 to 2008, though about 2,000 bites happen each year. Only mature females can bite people.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

如果它咬人

清洗咬伤处，用冰袋冷敷止痛。如果疼得厉害、疼痛扩散或感到不适，就去看医生。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

小到能坐在你的指甲上

Southern black widow和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Southern black widow 约 0.98 公里/小时 (0.61 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

In 1933, Allan Blair let himself be bitten by one of these spiders to study its venom in humans and to convince sceptics that it could be dangerous.1

Females will occasionally eat their mates after reproduction.1

Only mature females can bite people. Their hollow, needle-like mouthparts are about 1 mm long, which is long enough to inject venom into people.1

The brown widow (Latrodectus geometricus) competes with black widows for territory. In areas where they share space, it can displace them.1

Males live only about three to four months, while females can live for up to three years.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： A black widow bite is usually fatal.

真相： Black widow bites are rarely fatal to healthy people. No deaths from the US species were reported among 23,409 documented bites from 2000 to 2008.1

给毒液专家

学名: Latrodectus mactans
类别: 蜘蛛
家人: Theridiidae2
排序: Araneae
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: A female can produce four to nine egg sacs in one summer, each holding about 100–400 eggs, which she guards in a silken container.1
寿命: 约 3 年1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3