第 0654 号，共 1 402 张

Chilean recluse

Loxosceles laeta

名字的由来： Laeta is Latin for "happy". In Spanish it is called araña de rincón, meaning "corner spider".1

需要看医生很少致命，但被咬了要去看医生。

蜘蛛

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The Chilean recluse is a brown spider from South America that is considered the most dangerous of the recluse spiders. Its bite can cause serious skin damage and, in rare cases, serious illness that affects the whole body. It is also known for spreading to homes and buildings in several other countries.1

生活在

Native to South America, including Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Uruguay and southern and eastern Brazil1

南美洲

首页

Dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets and garages. It is often found in human homes. It has also been found in buildings in the USA, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Finland and Germany, although it does not thrive in most of these places.1

长度

8 mm到4 cm (0.3 in到1.6 in)1

最高速度

约 0.98 公里/小时（0.61 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It hunts at night, leaving its messy web to do so.1

Chilean recluse的照片 — Chilean recluse。照片：Kaz Born。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Brown, ranging from light tan to brown.1
Usually has a dark, violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body section, but this marking may not be visible.1
Has six eyes arranged in three pairs, not the eight eyes most spiders have. Checking the eyes is more reliable than checking the marking.1
Measures 8 to 40 mm including legs, making it one of the larger recluse species.1
Builds irregular webs with a messy shelter of tangled threads. It leaves these webs at night to hunt.1

常被误认为： Other recluse spiders look similar. The violin marking is not a reliable guide, so the eye arrangement is the more important feature for identification. Six eyes in three pairs is the key clue.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom contains sphingomyelinase D, a substance that destroys skin and tissue. Most bites cause mild irritation, but serious bites can cause a necrotising skin ulcer, which is an open wound where tissue dies. In 10 to 15% of cases, the venom causes a whole-body condition that damages organs, blood cells and kidneys. Bites may feel fine at first, and visible damage can take up to seven hours to appear, while the venom can spread through the body within minutes.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

Its bite often causes serious reactions, up to and including death. In a study covering 30 years of bites in Chile, 3 to 4% of cases ended in death. In a study of 250 cases in Santiago, Chile, from 1955 to 2000, 9 of the 47 people with the most severe whole-body reaction died. Skin damage can take months, and sometimes years, to heal, leaving deep scars.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

It is not aggressive and usually bites only when it is pressed against skin, such as when someone puts on clothing where it is hiding.1

如果它咬人

Applying an ice pack helps, because the venom is more active at high temperatures. Aloe vera may soothe the skin and help control pain.1
清洗咬伤处，用冰袋冷敷止痛。如果疼得厉害、疼痛扩散或感到不适，就去看医生。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础