第 0970 号，共 1 402 张

European paper wasp

Polistes dominula

名字的由来： It is called the European paper wasp because of its native range in Europe and its nests, which are made from paper and saliva. The species name dominula is a noun meaning "little mistress".1

只是会疼会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

蜜蜂、胡蜂和大黄蜂

蜇伤吃：昆虫

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

The European paper wasp is a yellow and black social wasp that builds nests from chewed plant fibre mixed with saliva, which looks like grey paper. It lives in warm, temperate parts of Europe, North Africa and Asia, and it has spread to many other continents. It matters because it has become a common invasive species in North America.1

生活在

Southern Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia; introduced to New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and the Americas1

欧洲, 亚洲, 非洲

首页

It generally lives in temperate, land habitats such as chaparral, forest and grassland. It often nests on and around human buildings and structures, which give shelter and are close to food.1

长度

8.5 mm到1.3 cm (0.3 in到0.5 in)1

最高速度

约 25 公里/小时（16 英里/小时）

飞行, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats many different types of insects, which is more varied than most Polistes wasps, and this gives it an advantage when food is scarce.1

European paper wasp的照片 — European paper wasp。照片：Bill Keim。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Its body is coloured entirely yellow and black.1
The female's mandible (jaw) is black and sometimes has a yellow spot.1
The outer half of the antennae (feelers) is orange-yellow.1
Wings are about 8.5 to 13 mm long, with little variation between individuals.1
Males have curled antennae and no stinger.1

常被误认为： Its yellow and black body is similar to that of Vespula germanica, one of the most common and defensive wasps in its native range. In older literature it was often confused with Polistes gallicus, which is now recognised as a separate species.1

毒液之力

蜇伤

毒液通过蜇刺出来。

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

它害怕时会做什么？

Its bright yellow and black colouring is a warning colour, and its nests are built in well-protected places to help it avoid predators.1

如果它蜇人

刮掉蜜蜂的蜇针，冷敷患处。
如果这个人呼吸困难、脸或喉咙肿胀，或感觉要晕倒，这是过敏急症：拨打急救电话，如果他们有肾上腺素笔就使用。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它蜇了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

小到能坐在你的指甲上15 秒就能飞过一整个足球场

European paper wasp和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只家蝇 约 7 公里/小时 (4.4 mph)

European paper wasp 约 25 公里/小时 (16 mph)

一个全力冲刺的人 约 37 公里/小时 (23 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its colonies can include many unrelated wasps: about 35% of the wasps in a colony are unrelated, which is unusual for social insects.1

Males' abdominal spots vary in size, location and pattern, and they signal social rank within the colony.1

If the queen is removed from a nest, the second most dominant female takes over her role.1

In spring, some North American colonies have been seen with more than 80 wasps joining to reuse and expand an old nest.1

The first North American record was in Massachusetts in the late 1970s, and it had spread across the northeastern USA by 1995.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： The species name is sometimes spelled "dominulus", as authors wrongly assumed the name was an adjective.

真相： Dominula is a noun meaning "little mistress", so under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature it does not change when the species moves genus.1

给毒液专家

学名: Polistes dominula
类别: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和大黄蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
大洲: 欧洲, 亚洲, 非洲
宝宝: Dominant females lay the eggs, and the queen starts laying in late March or early April.1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3