第 0966 号，共 1 402 张

German wasp

Vespula germanica

只是会疼会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

蜇伤吃：什么都来一点

The German wasp is a black and yellow social wasp that lives in colonies. It is native to Europe, Northern Africa and temperate Asia, but it has spread to many other parts of the world. Because it competes with local wildlife, it is treated as a pest in most areas outside its native range.1

生活在

Native to Europe, Northern Africa and temperate Asia; now established in North and South America, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia1

欧洲, 亚洲, 非洲

首页

Most nests are built in the soil, below ground. A significant number are found in artificial structures such as attics, and a small number are above ground. Nests are made from chewed plant fibres mixed with saliva, and look grey and papery.1

长度

1.3 cm (0.5 in)1

体重

64 mg到84 mg (0 oz到0 oz)1

最高速度

约 24 公里/小时（15 英里/小时）

飞行, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

The German wasp eats carrion, live arthropods (including spiders), fruit, honeydew, and processed human food and garbage. It hunts small live prey and collects food from large stationary sources, and it also scavenges.1

German wasp的照片 — German wasp。照片：Sid Mosdell。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

About 13 mm long, with typical wasp colours of black and yellow1
Workers have three tiny black dots on the clypeus (the front part of the head, between the eyes and mouthparts)1
Black marks on the abdomen are highly variable, so they are not a reliable way to identify it1
Grey paper nests, often in the soil or in attics1

常被误认为： The German wasp is very similar to the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris). Unlike the common wasp, it has three tiny black dots on the clypeus, but this only applies to workers. In males, the normally unbroken black mark on the common wasp's clypeus can look broken, which makes it hard to tell the two apart. Members of Vespula are also often confused with the paper wasp Polistes dominula.1

毒液之力

蜇伤

毒液通过蜇刺出来。

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

如果它蜇人

刮掉蜜蜂的蜇针，冷敷患处。
如果这个人呼吸困难、脸或喉咙肿胀，或感觉要晕倒，这是过敏急症：拨打急救电话，如果他们有肾上腺素笔就使用。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它蜇了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

比一个回形针还轻

小到能坐在你的指甲上轻到放在手上你都感觉不到16 秒就能飞过一整个足球场

German wasp和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只家蝇 约 7 公里/小时 (4.4 mph)

German wasp 约 24 公里/小时 (15 mph)

一个全力冲刺的人 约 37 公里/小时 (23 mph)

值得了解

事实

German wasps are invasive. They have spread to many continents and are especially successful at colonising new areas.1

They can outcompete many other animals for food, which has caused considerable harm to native wildlife where they have invaded.1

Female bee moths (Aphomia sociella) sometimes lay eggs in German wasp nests. Their larvae feed on the eggs, larvae and pupae, and can destroy large parts of the nest.1

In Australia, nests can grow very large and some survive the winter. In England, none of the nests in the study survive the winter.1

Queens mate with between one and seven males, and workers can lay eggs, although worker policing keeps most of their sons from reaching adulthood.1

Colonies grow rapidly over summer, with a large increase in worker numbers and nest size. In late summer, the colony focuses on producing new queens and males.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： German wasps are paper wasps because they build grey paper nests.

真相： The name is used by mistake. Strictly speaking, paper wasps belong to the subfamily Polistinae, while German wasps belong to the genus Vespula.1

给毒液专家

学名: Vespula germanica
类别: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和大黄蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
大洲: 欧洲, 亚洲, 非洲
宝宝: A single queen starts a nest in spring and lays eggs in hexagonal cells, with one wasp developing in each cell through the egg, larva and pupa stages.1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3