第 1300 号，共 1 402 张

Northern short-tailed shrew

Blarina brevicauda

名字的由来： The species name brevicauda comes from the Latin words brevis and cauda, meaning "short tail".1

无害对人无害。不用担心。

有毒的哺乳动物

咬伤吃：昆虫

对人的危险: 轻微像被蜜蜂蜇一下或更轻。对人基本无害。

The northern short-tailed shrew is a small, very active mammal that lives in eastern and central North America. It is one of the few venomous mammals, and it uses venom in its saliva to paralyse the animals it hunts. It is also a voracious eater that can eat up to three times its own weight in food each day.1

生活在

Central and eastern North America, from southern Saskatchewan to Atlantic Canada, south to northern Arkansas and Georgia1

北美洲

首页

It lives in grasslands, old fields, fencerows, marshy areas, and deciduous and coniferous forests, and it also uses household gardens. It prefers places that are moist, with leaf litter or thick plant cover. It tunnels below ground, through leaf litter, or at the boundary between snow and ground.1

长度

11 cm到14 cm (4.3 in到5.5 in)1

体重

15 g到30 g (0.5 oz到1.1 oz)1

最高速度

约 4 公里/小时（2.5 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is mostly carnivorous and prefers insects such as beetles, earthworms, voles, snails, and other shrews. It also eats salamanders, frogs, snakes, birds, and mice, and it mostly hunts within a few hours after sunset. It often hoards food, storing about 87% of the prey it catches.1

Northern short-tailed shrew的照片 — Northern short-tailed shrew。照片：Gilles Gonthier。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Thick, velvety fur on the back that is black, brownish black, or silvery grey1
Underside fur a little lighter and greyer than the back1
A very short tail, less than 25% of its total length1
Summer coat is shorter and paler than the winter coat1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its saliva contains a kallikrein-like protease, a toxin that paralyses and subdues prey. The toxin is strong enough to kill small animals, including some somewhat larger than the shrew itself. In people, it causes painful bites when they handle the shrew.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 轻微像被蜜蜂蜇一下或更轻。对人基本无害。

Its bites are painful to people who try to handle it.1

它害怕时会做什么？

Its scent glands produce a musky odour that deters mammalian carnivores.1

如果它咬人

把伤口洗干净并就医。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 30 个回形针一样重

和 4 块玩具积木排成一排一样长90 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Northern short-tailed shrew和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Northern short-tailed shrew 约 4 公里/小时 (2.5 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

It is one of the few venomous mammals, and its saliva is used to subdue prey.1

It can eat up to three times its own weight in food each day.1

It is thought to have a poor sense of smell and very limited vision, so it uses echolocation and a fine sense of touch instead.1

Its winter food intake is 43% higher than in summer, because it must work harder to keep its body warm.1

Its nests can be up to 20 cm across and lined with leaves or vole fur, and its waste is kept in a separate latrine area.1

给毒液专家

学名: Blarina brevicauda
类别: 有毒的哺乳动物
家人: Soricidae2
排序: Eulipotyphla
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: Females usually have two litters a season, each with six to eight young. The young are born hairless and blind, weighing less than a gram.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least Concern1
对人的危险: 1 / 5: 轻微3