第 1225 号，共 1 402 张

Tadpole madtom

Noturus gyrinus

名字的由来： The name "tom" is an old word for cat, and "tadpole" comes from its rounded tail fin, which looks like a tadpole's. The scientific name Noturus means "back tail" in Greek.1

只是会疼不要触摸会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

有毒的鱼

有毒的刺吃：肉

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

The tadpole madtom is a small freshwater fish that lives in slow, weedy waters in Canada and the United States. It has two spines near its chest that carry a venom, which it uses to defend itself from predators. Its name comes partly from its rounded tail fin, which makes it look a little like a tadpole.1

生活在

Canada and the United States, from Texas to Florida and north to New York1

北美洲

首页

It lives in swamps, marshes, lakes and slow-moving streams and rivers. It prefers water that is 0.1 to 1.5 metres deep, with muddy, sandy or gravel bottoms and thick vegetation to hide in.1

长度

5 cm到13 cm (2 in到5.1 in)1

最高速度

约 3.8 公里/小时（2.4 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats small invertebrates, mainly immature insects and small crustaceans such as water fleas, ostracods and amphipods. Smaller fish eat more small crustaceans, while larger fish take bigger prey such as worms and grass shrimp.1

Tadpole madtom的照片 — Tadpole madtom。照片：Adam Cohen。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Dark brown back with lighter brown sides and a yellow or white belly1
A dark horizontal streak along each side, from bands of dark pigment on the jaws1
A large, round tail fin that is joined to the small fin on its back, giving it a tadpole-like shape1
Two spines on the pectoral (chest) fins, which carry venom1

毒液之力

有毒的刺

锋利的刺带着毒液。踩到或抓住它会很疼。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Two pectoral spines transmit an anti-predatory venom. The spines are used to deter predators that get stuck by them.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

它害怕时会做什么？

When startled, it darts about in all directions, and it uses its venomous spines against predators.1

如果它的刺扎到你

把伤口泡在热水里，水温以不烫伤为限、尽量热（先用你自己的手试一试），泡 30 到 90 分钟。去看医生，尤其是被石头鱼和魟鱼伤到时。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果它的刺扎到你：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 4 块玩具积木排成一排一样长47 秒就能游完一个大泳池（50 米）

Tadpole madtom和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在游泳的人 约 3 公里/小时 (1.9 mph)

Tadpole madtom 约 3.8 公里/小时 (2.4 mph)

一名奥运游泳选手 约 8 公里/小时 (5 mph)

值得了解

事实

It does not build a nest. It sometimes lays its eggs on submerged rubbish such as drink cans.1

Males sometimes use abandoned crayfish burrows as places to house eggs.1

Breeding males develop swollen lips and enlarged muscles on top of the head.1

Researchers in Wisconsin found that its stomach contents were about 44% insects and 28% small crustaceans.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： It is a tadpole.

真相： It is a fish. Its rounded tail fin gives it the appearance of a tadpole, which is where part of its name comes from.1

给毒液专家

学名: Noturus gyrinus
类别: 有毒的鱼
家人: Ictaluridae2
排序: Siluriformes
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: The female lays several clutches of 75 to 200 eggs during the breeding season, usually in June or July. The eggs are attached to solid objects such as rocks, logs or vegetation, and the male guards them until they hatch.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Secure in most areas. Critically endangered in Pennsylvania, and considered vulnerable in several other regions.1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3