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Ikhathuni ka-South American rattlesnake
Inombolo 0524 kwezingu-1 402

South American rattlesnake

Crotalus durissus
KungabulalaKungakubulala uma ungelashwa. Uma sikuluma, thola usizo ngokushesha.
Ama-rattlesnake UkulumaSidla: Inyama
Ingozi ebantwini: Kuyingozi kakhuluSingabulala umuntu ongatholi kwelashwa.

The South American rattlesnake is a large, highly venomous pit viper. It lives across much of South America, except the Andes Mountains, and also on some Caribbean islands. It is the most widely spread member of its genus, which is why it matters to people in so many places.1

Ihlala
South America except the Andes, including Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; also some Caribbean islands, including Aruba1
INingizimu Melika
Ekhaya
It prefers savanna and semi-arid areas, and is found in several types of scrub and seasonal forest. In the Chaco region of Paraguay, it lives in the drier, sandier areas.1
Ubude
1.9 m (6.2 ft)1
Ijubane eliphezulu
cishe 4 km/h (2.5 mph)
Emhlabathini, isiqagela nje
Sidlani?
It eats mainly rodents, which are abundant and available all year in most of its range. In some regions it also eats lizards of the Teiidae family.1
Ngempela!Isithombe sika-South American rattlesnake
South American rattlesnake. Isithombe: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusibona

  • Two distinct stripes start at the base of the head, and the colour between the lines is lighter than the stripes.1
  • Body colour and pattern vary, but most have 18 to 32 dark diamond or rhombic spots along the back.1
  • The head has a dark brown bar at the top and a dark band behind the eye.1
  • The tail is usually grey, with dark, faint crossed bands.1
  • The belly is white or yellowish with light grey spots, getting darker towards the tail.1

Amandla obuthi

Ukuluma

Ubuthi buphuma ngamazinyo aso obuthi noma ngamazinyo uma siluma.

Ubuthi baso benzani?

Its venom contains neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and myotoxins, which damage muscle. These cause progressive paralysis, including impaired or lost vision, hearing problems, drooping eyelids and weakness in the neck muscles, which can become so limp that the head appears broken. Breathing can eventually be stopped by paralysis, and the muscle damage can cause dark urine.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Kuyingozi kakhuluSingabulala umuntu ongatholi kwelashwa.

It is a highly venomous snake. The mortality rate is 72% for bite cases without specific serum treatment, and 11% for cases with it. Acute kidney failure is considered the main cause of death.1

Izindaba ezinhle: odokotela banomuthi (i-antivenom) noma indlela yokwelapha lokhu.1

Senzani uma sesabile?

It is highly alert and gives little warning before it strikes, but it is seldom aggressive towards people.1

Uma siluma

  • Specific serum treatment (antivenom) greatly lowers the death rate, so a bite needs urgent hospital care to give it.1
  • Gcina umuntu engashukumi futhi ezolile, gcina isitho esilunyiwe sisezingeni lenhliziyo, khipha izindandatho nezinto eziqinile, bese umusa esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Njalo shayela kuqala inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911). Lokhu kuyiseluleko sosizo lokuqala esijwayelekile, akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha. Izisekelo zosizo lokuqala

Hlala uphephile

  • Ungalokothi uthinte, ubambe noma ugcone isilwane sasendle, ngisho noma sincane, futhi ngisho noma sibukeka silele noma sifile.
  • Sinike isikhala. Uma uhlangana naso, hlala uzolile, uhlehle kancane bese usiyeka sihambe ngendlela yaso.
  • Uma sikuluma: hlala uzolile, ungashukumi, shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911) noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi besibukeka kanjani, isithombe siyasiza.

Asikuzingeli wena. Sisebenzisa ubuthi baso ukuze sibambe ukudla noma ukuzivikela, futhi singancamela ukucasha. Okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlala uphephile

Kuphi emhlabeni?

I-AfrikaI-AsiaI-YurophuINyakatho MelikaINingizimu MelikaI-Australia ne-Oceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

South American rattlesnake ubude obucishe bube ngu-1.9 m (6.2 ft)Ibhayisikili lomuntu omdala cishe 1.8 m (5.9 ft)Imoto cishe 4.5 m (15 ft)
side njengamakati asekhaya angu-4 kusuka ekhaleni kuya emsileniside njengobhanana abangu-11 abalandelanayosingahamba amamitha ali-100 ngemizuzwana engu-90 (umuntu oshesha kunabo bonke udinga engu-9,6)

South American rattlesnake mkhulu kangakanani uma uqhathanisa NAWE?

Yizibalo nje kusiphequluli sakho. Akukho okulondolozwayo noma okuthunyelwa ndawo.

Sishesha kangakanani?

kuhle ukwazi

Amaqiniso

1

The lethal dose for a 60 kg human is possibly 18 mg, while a snake's venom yield is 20 to 100 mg.1

2

Crotoxin, a neurotoxin, makes up about 48.5% to 89.4% of the venom proteins in one subspecies, though it is typically 60% to 70%.1

3

It is the most widely distributed member of its genus, and seven subspecies are currently recognised.1

4

It is more active at dusk and in the early hours of the morning.1

5

Males compete for access to females from the end of summer, with mating in autumn and the young born the following spring or summer.1

Umqothuli wezinganekwane

Inganekwane: Yellow venom means the bite damages blood and tissue, and white venom means it attacks the nerves.

Iqiniso: Venom colour does not determine the type. Colour depends on pigments in the venom, not on whether it is haemorrhagic or neurotoxic.1

Okongoti bobuthi

Igama lesayensi
Crotalus durissus
Iqembu
Ama-rattlesnake
Umndeni
Viperidae2
Ukuhleleka
Squamata
Amazwekazi
INingizimu Melika
Izinsana
It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous), usually four to eight at a time. In Roraima, Brazil, gestation has been reported to last five months, with up to 14 young.1
Ingozi ebantwini
4 / 5: Kuyingozi kakhulu3

Lapho amaqiniso evela khona

  1. Crotalus durissus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Crotalus durissus (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa ngezigaba.
  3. Venom Wiki: izinga lengozi, usayizi ojwayelekile nesiqagela sejubane kungokwethu. Bona ukuthi sikubala kanjani: Indlela esilinganisa ngayo ingozi.

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