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Ikhathuni ka-Spider-tailed horned viper
Inombolo 0375 kwezingu-1 402

Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Mayelana negama: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
Kudinga udokotelaKuyivelakancane ukuthi kubulale, kodwa ukulunywa kudinga udokotela.
Ama-viper namabululu UkulumaSidla: Inyama
Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kudinga udokotela. Ukufa kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Ihlala
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
I-Asia
Ekhaya
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Ubude
60 cm (2 ft)3
usayizi ojwayelekile womuntu omdala wesilwane
Ijubane eliphezulu
cishe 3.4 km/h (2.1 mph)
Emhlabathini, isiqagela nje
Sidlani?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Ngempela!Isithombe sika-Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Isithombe: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusibona

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Ivamise ukudidaniswa ne: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Amandla obuthi

Ukuluma

Ubuthi buphuma ngamazinyo aso obuthi noma ngamazinyo uma siluma.

Ubuthi baso benzani?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kudinga udokotela. Ukufa kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Uma siluma

  • Gcina umuntu engashukumi futhi ezolile, gcina isitho esilunyiwe sisezingeni lenhliziyo, khipha izindandatho nezinto eziqinile, bese umusa esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Njalo shayela kuqala inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911). Lokhu kuyiseluleko sosizo lokuqala esijwayelekile, akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha. Izisekelo zosizo lokuqala

Hlala uphephile

  • Ungalokothi uthinte, ubambe noma ugcone isilwane sasendle, ngisho noma sincane, futhi ngisho noma sibukeka silele noma sifile.
  • Sinike isikhala. Uma uhlangana naso, hlala uzolile, uhlehle kancane bese usiyeka sihambe ngendlela yaso.
  • Uma sikuluma: hlala uzolile, ungashukumi, shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911) noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi besibukeka kanjani, isithombe siyasiza.

Asikuzingeli wena. Sisebenzisa ubuthi baso ukuze sibambe ukudla noma ukuzivikela, futhi singancamela ukucasha. Okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlala uphephile

Kuphi emhlabeni?

I-AfrikaI-AsiaI-YurophuINyakatho MelikaINingizimu MelikaI-Australia ne-Oceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

Spider-tailed horned viper ubude obucishe bube ngu-60 cm (2 ft)Ikati lasekhaya cishe 50 cm (1.6 ft)Inja cishe 1 m (3.3 ft)
side njengobhanana abangu-3 abalandelanayosingahamba amamitha ali-100 ngemizuzwana engu-110 (umuntu oshesha kunabo bonke udinga engu-9,6)

Spider-tailed horned viper mkhulu kangakanani uma uqhathanisa NAWE?

Yizibalo nje kusiphequluli sakho. Akukho okulondolozwayo noma okuthunyelwa ndawo.

Sishesha kangakanani?

kuhle ukwazi

Amaqiniso

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Umqothuli wezinganekwane

Inganekwane: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Iqiniso: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Okongoti bobuthi

Igama lesayensi
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Iqembu
Ama-viper namabululu
Umndeni
Viperidae2
Ukuhleleka
Squamata
Amazwekazi
I-Asia
Ingozi ebantwini
3 / 5: Kubi kakhulu3

Lapho amaqiniso evela khona

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa ngezigaba.
  3. Venom Wiki: izinga lengozi, usayizi ojwayelekile nesiqagela sejubane kungokwethu. Bona ukuthi sikubala kanjani: Indlela esilinganisa ngayo ingozi.

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Phakela ufezelaimbiza yezipho, iyigcina imahhala