Venom Wiki / Zonke izilwane / Ama-viper namabululu

Inombolo 0339 kwezingu-1 402

West African carpet viper

Echis ocellatus

Mayelana negama: The scientific name ocellatus refers to the distinctive series of eye-spots, called ocelli, that runs the length of its body.1

KuyabulalaEsinye sezilwane ezibulala kakhulu eMhlabeni. Uma sikuluma, biza usizo khona manjalo.Usizo olusheshayo ne-antivenom kusindisa abantu abaningi. Shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo khona manjalo.

Ama-viper namabululu

UkulumaSidla: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: KuyabulalaEsinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni.

The West African carpet viper is a small, highly venomous snake that lives in the savanna of West Africa. Its bite is one of the most dangerous of any snake in Africa. It is known for its row of eye-spots and its aggressive, alarm-like behaviour when threatened.1

Ihlala

West Africa: Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, southern Niger and Nigeria1

I-Afrika

Ekhaya

It is mainly found in savanna, and occasionally in wooded areas. It is rarely found north of the 15th parallel.1

Ubude

30 cm kuya ku-65 cm (1 ft kuya ku-2.1 ft)1

Ijubane eliphezulu

cishe 3.2 km/h (2 mph)

Emhlabathini, isiqagela nje

Sidlani?

It hunts small vertebrates such as mammals, birds, lizards and amphibians. It has also been reported to hunt small invertebrates such as centipedes and scorpions. It usually goes out to hunt in the first hours of the night.1

Isithombe sika-West African carpet viper — West African carpet viper. Isithombe: Peter Alfrey. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusibona

It has bulging eyes and a short snout, typical of vipers in the genus Echis.1
A distinctive series of eye-spots, called ocelli, runs the length of its body.1
It is terrestrial, so it lives on the ground rather than in trees.1
It is mostly active at night and at dusk (nocturnal and crepuscular).1

Ivamise ukudidaniswa ne: Older records from Senegal, Guinea-Bissau and Guinea refer to Echis jogeri, and those from eastern Nigeria, Cameroon and southern Chad refer to Echis romani. These are now recognised as separate species. Echis leucogaster is more common north of the 15th parallel, where this snake is rarely found.1

Amandla obuthi

Ukuluma

Ubuthi buphuma ngamazinyo aso obuthi noma ngamazinyo uma siluma.

Ubuthi baso benzani?

Its venom is a mix of procoagulants, anticoagulants, haemorrhagins, nephrotoxins and necrotoxins. Procoagulants make blood clot, while anticoagulants stop it clotting, so bleeding can occur. Nephrotoxins damage the kidneys, and necrotoxins kill tissue around the bite. Local symptoms include pain, swelling, bleeding, tissue death (necrosis) and disfigurement, which may lead to amputation. Whole-body symptoms include coagulopathy (blood clotting problems), haemorrhages, shock, kidney failure and blindness.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: KuyabulalaEsinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni.

The West African carpet viper causes more human deaths from snakebite than all other African snakes combined. The envenoming rate is 80%, and the lethality rate is 10–20%.1

Izindaba ezinhle: odokotela banomuthi (i-antivenom) noma indlela yokwelapha lokhu.1

Senzani uma sesabile?

When threatened, it forms its body into an S shape and rubs its scales together to make an alert sound.1

Uma siluma

Gcina umuntu engashukumi futhi ezolile, gcina isitho esilunyiwe sisezingeni lenhliziyo, khipha izindandatho nezinto eziqinile, bese umusa esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Njalo shayela kuqala inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911). Lokhu kuyiseluleko sosizo lokuqala esijwayelekile, akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha. Izisekelo zosizo lokuqala

Hlala uphephile

Ungalokothi uthinte, ubambe noma ugcone isilwane sasendle, ngisho noma sincane, futhi ngisho noma sibukeka silele noma sifile.
Sinike isikhala. Uma uhlangana naso, hlala uzolile, uhlehle kancane bese usiyeka sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Uma sikuluma: hlala uzolile, ungashukumi, shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911) noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi besibukeka kanjani, isithombe siyasiza.

Asikuzingeli wena. Sisebenzisa ubuthi baso ukuze sibambe ukudla noma ukuzivikela, futhi singancamela ukucasha. Okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlala uphephile

Kuphi emhlabeni?

I-Afrika I-Asia I-Yurophu INyakatho Melika INingizimu Melika I-Australia ne-Oceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

side njengobhanana abangu-4 abalandelanayosingahamba amamitha ali-100 ngemizuzwana engu-110 (umuntu oshesha kunabo bonke udinga engu-9,6)

West African carpet viper mkhulu kangakanani uma uqhathanisa NAWE?

Yizibalo nje kusiphequluli sakho. Akukho okulondolozwayo noma okuthunyelwa ndawo.

Sishesha kangakanani?

Ufudu cishe 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

West African carpet viper cishe 3.2 km/h (2 mph)

Umuntu ohambayo cishe 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

kuhle ukwazi

Amaqiniso

It makes an alert sound by rubbing its scales together while in an S-shaped posture.1

Hatchlings are already 10–12 cm long, which is a sizeable fraction of an adult's average length.1

Its scientific name, ocellatus, comes from the row of eye-spots, called ocelli, that runs along its body.1

Some individual snakes have been found far from its main range, including in the Central African Republic and central Sudan.1

Okongoti bobuthi

Igama lesayensi: Echis ocellatus
Iqembu: Ama-viper namabululu
Umndeni: Viperidae2
Ukuhleleka: Squamata
Amazwekazi: I-Afrika
Izinsana: Sexually mature females lay between 6 and 20 eggs, usually at the end of the dry season, in February to March. Hatchlings are 10–12 cm long.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 5 / 5: Kuyabulala3

Lapho amaqiniso evela khona

Echis ocellatus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Echis ocellatus (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa ngezigaba.
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