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Chithunzi chojambula cha South American rattlesnake
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South American rattlesnake

Crotalus durissus
Ingathe kuphaIngathe kukupha ngati sunalandire chithandizo. Ikakuluma, peza thandizo mwachangu.
Njoka za rattlesnake ImalumaImadya: Nyama
Ngozi kwa anthu: Yoopsa kwambiriIngathe kupha munthu amene sanalandire chithandizo.

The South American rattlesnake is a large, highly venomous pit viper. It lives across much of South America, except the Andes Mountains, and also on some Caribbean islands. It is the most widely spread member of its genus, which is why it matters to people in so many places.1

Imakhala ku
South America except the Andes, including Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; also some Caribbean islands, including Aruba1
Amereka ya Kumwera
Kunyumba
It prefers savanna and semi-arid areas, and is found in several types of scrub and seasonal forest. In the Chaco region of Paraguay, it lives in the drier, sandier areas.1
Kutalika
1,9 m (6,2 ft)1
Liwiro lapamwamba
pafupifupi 4 km/h (2,5 mph)
Pamtunda, kuyerekeza chabe
Imadya chiyani?
It eats mainly rodents, which are abundant and available all year in most of its range. In some regions it also eats lizards of the Teiidae family.1
Zoona!Chithunzi cha South American rattlesnake
South American rattlesnake. Chithunzi: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Mmene ungaizindikirire

  • Two distinct stripes start at the base of the head, and the colour between the lines is lighter than the stripes.1
  • Body colour and pattern vary, but most have 18 to 32 dark diamond or rhombic spots along the back.1
  • The head has a dark brown bar at the top and a dark band behind the eye.1
  • The tail is usually grey, with dark, faint crossed bands.1
  • The belly is white or yellowish with light grey spots, getting darker towards the tail.1

Mphamvu ya ululu

Imaluma

Ululu umatuluka kudzera m'mano ake ikaluma.

Ululu wake umachita chiyani?

Its venom contains neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and myotoxins, which damage muscle. These cause progressive paralysis, including impaired or lost vision, hearing problems, drooping eyelids and weakness in the neck muscles, which can become so limp that the head appears broken. Breathing can eventually be stopped by paralysis, and the muscle damage can cause dark urine.1

Ndi yoopsa bwanji kwa anthu?

Ngozi kwa anthu: Yoopsa kwambiriIngathe kupha munthu amene sanalandire chithandizo.

It is a highly venomous snake. The mortality rate is 72% for bite cases without specific serum treatment, and 11% for cases with it. Acute kidney failure is considered the main cause of death.1

Nkhani yabwino: madokotala ali ndi mankhwala (antivenom) kapena chithandizo cha ichi.1

Imachita chiyani ikachita mantha?

It is highly alert and gives little warning before it strikes, but it is seldom aggressive towards people.1

Ikaluma

  • Specific serum treatment (antivenom) greatly lowers the death rate, so a bite needs urgent hospital care to give it.1
  • Munthuyo akhale chete ndi wodekha, chiwalo cholumidwacho chikhale pamlingo wa mtima, chotsa mphete ndi zinthu zothina, ndipo mufikitse kuchipatala mwachangu.

Nthawi zonse yamba wayimbira nambala yadzidzidzi (112, 000, 911). Awa ndi malangizo wamba a chithandizo choyamba, osati malangizo a dokotala. Zoyambira za chithandizo choyamba

Khala wotetezeka

  • Usakhudze, kugwira kapena kuseweretsa nyama yakuthengo, ngakhale yaing'ono, ndipo ngakhale ikuoneka ngati yagona kapena yafa.
  • Ipatse malo. Ukakumana nayo, khala chete, bwerera m'mbuyo pang'onopang'ono ndipo uilole ipite njira yake.
  • Ikakuluma: khala chete, usasunthe, imbira nambala yadzidzidzi (112, 000, 911) kapena pita kuchipatala mwachangu. Kumbukira m'mene inkaonekera, chithunzi chimathandiza.

Sikufuna kukuvulaza. Imagwiritsa ntchito ululu wake kugwira chakudya kapena kudziteteza, ndipo imakonda kwambiri kubisala. Zambiri za kukhala wotetezeka

Kuti padziko lapansi?

AfricaAsiaUlayaAmereka ya KumpotoAmereka ya KumweraAustralia ndi Oceania

Ndi yaikulu bwanji?

Ndi yaitali bwanji?

South American rattlesnake yaitali pafupifupi 1,9 m (6,2 ft)Njinga ya munthu wamkulu pafupifupi 1,8 m (5,9 ft)Galimoto pafupifupi 4,5 m (15 ft)
yaitali ngati amphaka apakhomo 4 mphuno ndi mchira motsatizanayaitali ngati nthochi 11 zoyalidwa motsatizanaingathamange mamita 100 m'masekondi 90 (munthu wothamanga kwambiri amafunika 9.6)

South American rattlesnake ndi yaikulu bwanji poyerekeza ndi IWE?

Ndi masamu chabe mu msakatuli wako. Palibe chomwe chimasungidwa kapena kutumizidwa kwina.

Imathamanga bwanji?

zoyenera kudziwa

Mfundo

1

The lethal dose for a 60 kg human is possibly 18 mg, while a snake's venom yield is 20 to 100 mg.1

2

Crotoxin, a neurotoxin, makes up about 48.5% to 89.4% of the venom proteins in one subspecies, though it is typically 60% to 70%.1

3

It is the most widely distributed member of its genus, and seven subspecies are currently recognised.1

4

It is more active at dusk and in the early hours of the morning.1

5

Males compete for access to females from the end of summer, with mating in autumn and the young born the following spring or summer.1

Kuthetsa nthano zabodza

Nthano yabodza: Yellow venom means the bite damages blood and tissue, and white venom means it attacks the nerves.

Zoona: Venom colour does not determine the type. Colour depends on pigments in the venom, not on whether it is haemorrhagic or neurotoxic.1

Za akatswiri a ululu

Dzina la sayansi
Crotalus durissus
Gulu
Njoka za rattlesnake
Banja
Viperidae2
Dongosolo
Squamata
Makontinenti
Amereka ya Kumwera
Ana akhanda
It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous), usually four to eight at a time. In Roraima, Brazil, gestation has been reported to last five months, with up to 14 young.1
Ngozi kwa anthu
4 / 5: Yoopsa kwambiri3

Kumene mfundo zimachokera

  1. Crotalus durissus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Crotalus durissus (iNaturalist): mayina ndi magulu a sayansi.
  3. Venom Wiki: mlingo wa ngozi, kukula wamba ndi kuyerekeza kwa liwiro ndi zathu. Ona mmene timazipezera: Mmene timayezera ngozi.

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