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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Grey side-gilled sea slug
No. 1395 ho 1 402

Grey side-gilled sea slug

Pleurobranchaea maculata
E ka bolayaE ka bolaya ntle le kalafo. Haeba motho a e ja, fumana thuso kapele.
Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang E a chefa ha e jewaE ja: NamaE chefang, eseng e nang le chefo
Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

The grey side-gilled sea slug is a soft-bodied sea snail without a shell, found in the sea around New Zealand, south-eastern Australia and parts of Asia. It is poisonous rather than venomous: it does not bite or sting, but eating it can be dangerous. It became a public concern in New Zealand in 2009, when several dogs died after eating it.1

E chefang kapa e nang le chefo? Diphoofolo tse nang le chefo di kenya chefo ka ho loma kapa ka ho hlaba. Diphoofolo tse chefang di kotsi ha o di ama kapa o di ja. Ena ke e chefang.
E phela
New Zealand, south-eastern Australia, China, Sri Lanka and Japan; introduced to the coast of Argentina in 20091
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la Borwa, Antarctica
Lapeng
It lives between the tide marks in harbours and in the sea down to about 6 m, or deeper, off rocky coasts. It is often washed ashore during spring storms, so people may find it on beaches.1
Bolelele
8 cm ho isa ho 10 cm (3,1 in ho isa ho 3,9 in)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Ho sesa, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
It is an opportunistic carnivore that eats other soft-bodied invertebrates, especially sea anemones. It also takes marine worms, mussels, dead or dying animals, and other sea slugs of the same genus.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Grey side-gilled sea slug
Grey side-gilled sea slug. Foto: Lisa Bennett. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Mottled pale grey body, densely patterned with short, brown broken lines1
  • Wedge-shaped head with two sensory tentacles, called rhinophores1
  • Smooth body covering (mantle) with folds and puckers, and a foot that extends well beyond it1
  • No remnant of a shell1
  • Feathery gill tucked under the right side of the mantle1

Matla a chefo

E a chefa ha e jewa

E kotsi feela haeba ho na le se e jang.

Chefo ya yona (e chefang ha o e ama kapa o e ja) e etsang?

It does not have venom. Its harm comes from tetrodotoxin, a poison that attacks the nerves. In 2009, several dogs in the Auckland Region of New Zealand died of tetrodotoxin poisoning after eating this slug on beaches.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

In 2009, several dogs died in the Auckland Region after eating this slug, and children and pet owners were asked to avoid beaches. Recreational fishing was also interrupted for a time. Investigators found the slugs most likely picked up the poison from dead fish they fed on, and similar poisoning has not happened again.1

Haeba motho a e amme kapa a e jele

  • Haeba motho a e jele kapa a na le matshwao ka mora ho e ja: letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso kapa setsi sa chefo (poison centre) hang-hang.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba o e amme kapa o e jele: o se ke wa hohla mahlo kapa molomo, hlatswa matsoho mme o fumane thuso ya bongaka.

Ha e o batle. Chefo ya yona e teng feela hore ho se be le letho le e jang. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le OceaniaAntarcticaLewatle la PacificLewatle la Borwa

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Grey side-gilled sea slug bolelele ba e ka bang 10 cm (3,9 in)Klipi ya pampiri e ka bang 3 cm (1,2 in)Fono e bohlale e ka bang 15 cm (5,9 in)
e telele jwaloka diboloko tsa ho bapala tse 3 moleng

Grey side-gilled sea slug e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

Its poison is tetrodotoxin, the same kind of toxin found in some pufferfish.1

2

It has no shell, although it is a type of sea snail (gastropod mollusc).1

3

It lives for 2 to 3 years and dies after spawning in winter.1

4

It has spread far beyond its native range, reaching about 2,000 km of the south-western Atlantic coast after it was first reported in Argentina in 2009.1

5

Its eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae that drift as plankton for about three weeks before settling.1

Ho senya ditshomo

Tshomo: Every grey side-gilled sea slug is dangerously poisonous.

Nnete: Differences in toxicity between regions are likely due to differences in diet, not to separate species. The poison most likely comes from the food the slug eats, such as dead fish.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Pleurobranchaea maculata
Sehlopha
Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang
Lelapa
Pleurobranchaeidae2
Tatelano
Pleurobranchida
Dikontinente
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la Borwa, Antarctica, Mawatle
Masea
It produces small eggs that hatch after about a week. The young live as plankton for about three weeks before settling on the seabed.1
Nako ya bophelo
e ka bang dilemo tse 31
Kotsi ho batho
4 / 5: E kotsi haholo3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Pleurobranchaea maculata (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pleurobranchaea maculata (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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Tse ding tsa sehlopha se le seng: Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang

Japanese pufferfishDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE a bolayaHawksbill sea turtleDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE ka bolayaGreenland sharkDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE utlwisa bohloko feelaSilver-cheeked toadfishDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE a bolayaBlackspotted pufferDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE ka bolayaWhite-spotted pufferDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE ka bolaya

E boetse e phela: Lewatle la Pacific

Australian box jellyfishDi-jellyfish le diphoofolo tsa lewatle tse hlabangE a bolayaO se ke wa amaGeography coneDikgofu tsa cone le di-octopusE a bolayaGreater blue-ringed octopusDikgofu tsa cone le di-octopusE a bolayaSouthern blue-ringed octopusDikgofu tsa cone le di-octopusE a bolayaIrukandji jellyfishDi-jellyfish le diphoofolo tsa lewatle tse hlabangE ka bolayaO se ke wa amaReef stonefishDitlhapi tse nang le chefoE ka bolayaO se ke wa ama
Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala