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Venom Wiki / Diphoofolo tsohle / Di-pit viper
Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Mamushi
No. 0458 ho 1 402

Mamushi

Gloydius blomhoffii
Ka lebitso: The specific name blomhoffii honours Jan Cock Blomhoff, who was director of the Dutch trading colony in Nagasaki, Japan, from 1817 to 1824.1
E ka bolayaE ka o bolaya ntle le kalafo. Ha e ka o loma, fumana thuso kapele.
Di-pit viper Ho lomaE ja: Nama
Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

The mamushi is a pit viper, a type of snake that has heat-sensing pits between its eyes and nostrils. It lives in Japan, in places such as swamps, meadows and farmland. It matters because its bite is one of the most dangerous of Japan's snakes.1

E phela
Japan only. There is no evidence it occurs in the Ryukyu Islands.1
Asia
Lapeng
It lives in swamps, marshes, meadows, open woodland, rocky hillsides and montane rock outcroppings. It is often found in and around farmland because rodents are common there.1
Bolelele
45 cm ho isa ho 81 cm (1,5 ft ho isa ho 2,7 ft)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)
Naheng, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
It is an ambush predator. It waits hidden in vegetation or leaf litter, then eats mainly rodents, along with small birds, lizards and insects.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Mamushi
Mamushi. Foto: Alpsdake. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Background colour is pale grey, reddish-brown or yellow-brown.1
  • A series of irregular blotches runs along the body. Each blotch has a black border and often a lighter centre.1
  • The head is dark brown or black, with beige or pale-grey sides.1
  • Adults are typically 45 to 81 cm long.1
  • It has excellent camouflage and often hides among plants or leaf litter.1

Hangata e ferekanngwa le: It is similar to the cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon) of the Americas, and it was long considered part of the same group.1

Matla a chefo

Ho loma

Chefo e tswa ka meno a yona a chefo (fangs) kapa ka meno a mang ha e loma.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

Its venom is mostly haemolytic, meaning it breaks down red blood cells. It also contains two neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and an anticoagulant, which stops blood from clotting. Reported effects include kidney failure, visual disturbances and palsy (paralysis).1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

About 2000 to 3000 people in Japan are bitten by a mamushi each year. Approximately 10 die annually. Severe bites require intensive care, and typical bite victims need about one week of hospital treatment.1

Ditaba tse monate: dingaka di na le moriana (antivenom) kapa kalafo bakeng sa sena.1

Haeba e loma

  • Treatment is given in hospital. It involves cutting the wound to remove venom and injecting mamushi antivenom. Pregnant women who are bitten have had miscarriages, so medical care is essential.1
  • Boloka motho a sa sisinyehe ebile a kgutsitse, boloka setho se lomilweng se lekana le bophahamo ba pelo, tlosa mesale le dintho tse tiileng, mme o mo ise sepetlele kapele.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba e nngwe e o loma: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Mamushi bolelele ba e ka bang 81 cm (2,7 ft)Katse ya lapeng e ka bang 50 cm (1,6 ft)Ntja e ka bang 1 m (3,3 ft)
e telele jwaloka dikatse tsa lapeng tse 1,5 ho tloha nkong ho isa mohatlenge telele jwaloka dibanana tse 5 tse latellanange ka matha metara e 100 ka metsotswana e 110 (motho ya potlakang ka ho fetisisa o hloka 9,6)

Mamushi e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

Recovery takes a long time. Bite victims may need several months to fully recover, even after hospital treatment and weeks of follow-up care.1

2

It is highly resistant to its own venom because its blood contains neutralising factors, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors.1

3

Its beta-toxin acts before the nerve junction, so anticholinesterase drugs cannot block or treat its effects.1

4

Its venom contains a peptide called ablomin, which is very similar in amino acid sequence to helothermine, a venom peptide of the Mexican beaded lizard.1

5

It is considered one of the most venomous snakes in Japan, along with the yamakagashi and the Okinawan habu.1

6

Its venom varies very little across Japan in either potency or effects.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Gloydius blomhoffii
Sehlopha
Di-pit viper
Lelapa
Viperidae2
Tatelano
Squamata
Dikontinente
Asia
Kotsi ho batho
4 / 5: E kotsi haholo3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Mamushi (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Gloydius blomhoffii (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Taba e nngwe le e nngwe leqepheng lena e na le nomoro e bontshang mohlodi wa yona. Haeba re entse phoso, re kopa tshwarelo, re barati ba diphoofolo, hase makasine wa saense. Re bolelle ho [email protected] mme re tla e lokisa.

Phepheng e lapile! Venom Wiki ke projeke ya motho a le mong: ke mahala, ha e na dipapatso ebile ha e na di-tracker. Thuso e nyenyane ya tjhelete e e boloka e ntse e le inthaneteng.Fepa phepheng

Tse ding tsa sehlopha se le seng: Di-pit viper

Brown spotted pit viperDi-pit viperE ka bolayaHabuDi-pit viperE ka bolayaHump-nosed viperDi-pit viperE ka bolayaHundred-pace viperDi-pit viperE ka bolayaMalayan pit viperDi-pit viperE ka bolayaMangshan pit viperDi-pit viperE ka bolaya

E boetse e phela: Asia

DeathstalkerDiphephengE a bolayaIndian cobraDi-cobra, di-mamba le di-kraitE a bolayaIndian saw-scaled viperDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaKing cobraDi-cobra, di-mamba le di-kraitE a bolayaPuff adderDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaNoha ea RussellDi-viper le di-adderE a bolaya
Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala