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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Moses sole
No. 1379 ho 1 402

Moses sole

Pardachirus marmoratus
Ha e na kotsiHa e na kotsi ho batho. Ha ho letho la ho tshwenyeha.
Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang Chefo letlalong la yonaE ja: NamaE chefang, eseng e nang le chefo
Kotsi ho batho: E bobebeJwaloka ho hlajwa ke notshi kapa ho fetang moo. Ha e na kotsi ho batho.

The Moses sole is a flatfish that lives in shallow coastal waters of the western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka and along the east coast of Africa. It hides on the seabed and gives off a milky toxin from its fins to deter predators, including sharks.1

E chefang kapa e nang le chefo? Diphoofolo tse nang le chefo di kenya chefo ka ho loma kapa ka ho hlaba. Diphoofolo tse chefang di kotsi ha o di ama kapa o di ja. Ena ke e chefang.
E phela
Western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka, and along the east coast of Africa to Durban1
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle le Lefubedu, Kgwohlo ya Bengal
Lapeng
It lives in shallow coastal waters where the seabed is sand or mud, often near coral reefs. During the day it often lies buried in the sand with only its eyes and nostrils showing.1
Bolelele
20 cm (7,9 in)3
boholo bo tlwaelehileng ba e hodileng
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Ho sesa, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
It feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling invertebrates that live on the seabed.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Moses sole
Moses sole. Foto: Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Colour is variable, often whitish, pale brown or pale grey, with irregular dark brown ring-shaped markings1
  • Many dark brown spots cover the head, body and fins1
  • Normally two brown dots containing yellow flecks sit along the lateral line1
  • Adults have a highly compressed, flat-sided body, with both eyes on the right side of the head1
  • The rounded tail fin is not joined to the dorsal or cloacal fin1

Hangata e ferekanngwa le: Mimic octopuses copy the finless sole by adapting their shape, colour and texture. They can also mimic venomous sea snakes and fish.1

Matla a chefo

Chefo letlalong la yona

Letlalo la yona le a chefa. Ho kotsi ho e ama, ho e nyeka kapa ho e ja.

Chefo ya yona (e chefang ha o e ama kapa o e ja) e etsang?

The finless sole releases a milky toxin called an ichthyotoxin from the base of its dorsal and cloacal fins. The main toxin, pardaxin, damages cell membranes so that cells leak their contents. It irritates the sensitive gills of predator fish.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E bobebeJwaloka ho hlajwa ke notshi kapa ho fetang moo. Ha e na kotsi ho batho.

It is caught for food and sold fresh, even though its skin secretion is poisonous.1

E etsang ha e tshohile?

When threatened, it releases its toxic milky secretion from its fins, and its colour helps it blend in with sandy or pebbled seabeds.1

Haeba motho a e amme kapa a e jele

  • Haeba motho a e jele kapa a na le matshwao ka mora ho e ja: letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso kapa setsi sa chefo (poison centre) hang-hang.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba o e amme kapa o e jele: o se ke wa hohla mahlo kapa molomo, hlatswa matsoho mme o fumane thuso ya bongaka.

Ha e o batle. Chefo ya yona e teng feela hore ho se be le letho le e jang. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le OceaniaLewatle la PacificLewatle la IndiaLewatle le LefubeduKgwohlo ya Bengal

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Moses sole bolelele ba e ka bang 20 cm (7,9 in)Banana e ka bang 18 cm (7,1 in)Katse ya lapeng e ka bang 50 cm (1,6 ft)
e telele jwaloka diboloko tsa ho bapala tse 6 moleng

Moses sole e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

One of its toxins, pardaxin-1, is 5 to 10 times more toxic than pardaxin-2 and has unusual shark-repelling properties.1

2

Its toxin, pardaxin, is used by the fish as a defence against sharks.1

3

Mimic octopuses copy its shape, colour and texture, and can also copy venomous sea snakes and fish.1

4

Juveniles have one eye on each side of the head, but as they mature the left eye moves to the right side.1

5

Eugenie Clark carried out much of the early research on this species.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Pardachirus marmoratus
Sehlopha
Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang
Lelapa
Soleidae2
Tatelano
Carangiformes
Dikontinente
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle le Lefubedu, Kgwohlo ya Bengal, Mawatle
Kotsi ho batho
1 / 5: E bobebe3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Pardachirus marmoratus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pardachirus marmoratus (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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Tse ding tsa sehlopha se le seng: Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang

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E boetse e phela: Lewatle la Pacific

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Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala