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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Pine processionary
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Pine processionary

Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Ka lebitso: The name comes from the Ancient Greek pityokampē, meaning "Aleppo pine larva", from pitys (pine) and kampē (caterpillar).1
E utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa amaE a utlwisa bohloko, empa e ke ke ya o lematsa haholo.
Diboko le dikokoanyana Boya bo hlabangE ja: Dimela
Kotsi ho batho: E bohlokoE ka utlwisa bohloko haholo, empa hoo e batlang e le kamehla ha e kotsi haholo.

The pine processionary is a moth whose caterpillars are famous for marching in long, nose-to-tail lines through pine woods. Their hairs cause painful rashes and eye irritation, and they can strip the needles from whole trees. It lives around the Mediterranean and is spreading north.1

E phela
Southern Mediterranean area, North Africa, the Middle East and southern Europe; now spreading north into France1
Yuropa, Afrika, Asia
Lapeng
Coniferous forests, mostly pine trees, though sometimes cedar or larch. The caterpillars live in large silk nests high in the trees, and pupate in soil under the ground.1
Bolelele
4 cm (1,6 in)3
boholo bo tlwaelehileng ba e hodileng
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 0,03 km/h (0,02 mph)
Naheng, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
The caterpillars feed on pine needles, leaving the trees defoliated when there are large numbers. They come out to feed at night.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Pine processionary
Pine processionary. Foto: unknown. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Caterpillars are orange-brown and hairy, with blue bands.1
  • Large silken nests in pine trees, often with several in one tree and signs of stripped needles.1
  • Caterpillars move in single-file processions, usually at night and when leaving the tree to pupate.1
  • Adults have predominantly light brown forewings with brown markings and white hindwings.1
  • Adult males have a crescent marking on the wings and are larger than the oak processionary.1

Hangata e ferekanngwa le: The oak processionary (Thaumetopoea processionea) is smaller as an adult, has an indistinct wing marking rather than a crescent, and lives in broad-leaved rather than coniferous forests. The pale eggar moth has no crescent marking on its wings.1

Matla a chefo

Boya bo hlabang

Boya bo bonyenyane kapa ditlhaka di robehela letlalong mme di a hlaba.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

The species is not venomous. Its caterpillars have hairs containing an irritant chemical called thaumetopoein, which causes skin rashes (urticaria) and eye irritation on contact. Some people may have an allergic reaction. The hairs of fifth-stage larvae can also break off and spread across nearby exposed skin.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E bohlokoE ka utlwisa bohloko haholo, empa hoo e batlang e le kamehla ha e kotsi haholo.

Simple contact with the caterpillar hairs can cause severe rashes and eye irritation in humans and other mammals. Some individuals may have an allergic reaction.1

E etsang ha e tshohile?

When stressed or threatened, fifth-stage caterpillars eject harpoon-shaped hairs that irritate any exposed skin nearby.1

Haeba o ama boya ba yona

  • Bakeng sa boya bo hlabang ba diboko: bo tlose ka theipi e kgomarelang, ebe o hlatswa letlalo. O se ke wa hohla.
  • Bakeng sa ho longwa: hlatswa mme o pholise. Fumana thuso ya bongaka haeba motho a ikutlwa a kula kapa a tswa madi habonolo.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba o ama boya ba yona: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Pine processionary bolelele ba e ka bang 4 cm (1,6 in)Klipi ya pampiri e ka bang 3 cm (1,2 in)Fono e bohlale e ka bang 15 cm (5,9 in)
e telele jwaloka klipi ya pampirie dieha ho feta kgofu ya serapeng

Pine processionary e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

Caterpillars in a procession hold together through touch from the caterpillar in front, which takes priority over the trail pheromone or silk.1

2

The caterpillars are one of the few temperate-zone insects whose larvae develop through the winter, living in silk nests high in pine trees.1

3

Adults live for only a single day, during which they mate and lay eggs.1

4

The Greek physician Dioscorides described the itching caused by this caterpillar in the 1st century AD, and Pliny the Elder recorded a treatment for it.1

5

Outbreaks are somewhat cyclical, with a period of 7 to 9 years.1

Ho senya ditshomo

Tshomo: Fabre's caterpillars marched in a circle around a flower pot only because they were trapped on its rim.

Nnete: Young caterpillars' circular trails continue for as long as 12 hours even when they are free on a flat surface.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Sehlopha
Diboko le dikokoanyana
Lelapa
Notodontidae2
Tatelano
Lepidoptera
Dikontinente
Yuropa, Afrika, Asia
Masea
Each female lays an enormous number of eggs near the tops of pine trees, in cylindrical egg masses 4 to 5 cm long covered with scales that mimic pine shoots.1
Kotsi ho batho
2 / 5: E bohloko3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Pine processionary (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Thaumetopoea pityocampa (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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Phepheng e lapile! Venom Wiki ke projeke ya motho a le mong: ke mahala, ha e na dipapatso ebile ha e na di-tracker. Thuso e nyenyane ya tjhelete e e boloka e ntse e le inthaneteng.Fepa phepheng

Tse ding tsa sehlopha se le seng: Diboko le dikokoanyana

Oak processionaryDiboko le dikokoanyanaE utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa amaWhite-spotted assassin bugDiboko le dikokoanyanaE utlwisa bohloko feelaCommon bombardier beetleDiboko le dikokoanyanaHa e na kotsiAsian giant water bugDiboko le dikokoanyanaE utlwisa bohloko feelaBlue-striped nettle grubDiboko le dikokoanyanaE utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa amaBrown-tail mothDiboko le dikokoanyanaE utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa ama

E boetse e phela: Yuropa

Common European adderDi-viper le di-adderE hloka ngakaSpanish flyDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE hloka ngakaO se ke wa amaCommon waspDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feelaEuropean hornetDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feelaFire salamanderDihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newtE utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa amaWestern honey beeDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feela
Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala