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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Toxic zoanthid
No. 1399 ho 1 402

Toxic zoanthid

Palythoa toxica
Ka lebitso: Its Hawaiian name, limu-make-o-Hana, means 'seaweed of death from Hana', after the Hana district of Maui where it was first found.1
E ka bolayaO se ke wa amaE ka bolaya ntle le kalafo. Haeba motho a e ama kapa a e ja, fumana thuso kapele.
Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang Chefo letlalong la yonaE chefang, eseng e nang le chefo
Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

Palythoa toxica is a small, crust-like sea animal, called a zoanthid, that grows on rocks. It lives in Hawaii and is special because it is the species from which the very poisonous substance palytoxin was first discovered and isolated.1

E chefang kapa e nang le chefo? Diphoofolo tse nang le chefo di kenya chefo ka ho loma kapa ka ho hlaba. Diphoofolo tse chefang di kotsi ha o di ama kapa o di ja. Ena ke e chefang.
E phela
Native to Hawaii; has been found sporadically throughout the state, first discovered on Maui1
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle la Coral, Lewatle la Philippine, Lewatle la China Borwa
Lapeng
It was first found in a shallow rock pool about 25 cm deep that received fresh water when heavy rain fell, so it can live in water of changing salt levels. It has also been sold to keepers of reef aquariums, where people have been poisoned by handling it carelessly.1
Bolelele
1,5 cm (0,6 in)3
boholo bo tlwaelehileng ba e hodileng
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Ho sesa, kakanyo feela
Ka nnete!Foto ya Toxic zoanthid
Toxic zoanthid. Foto: [1]. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • It grows as a flat, encrusting layer over rock.1
  • It has a firm, tough outer covering.1
  • Its polyps are partly sunk into a cushiony mat that spreads across the rock and contains sand grains and bits of debris.1
  • Each polyp has a broad mouth disc with a fringe of tentacles.1
  • Its colour varies but is usually cream, grey or pale brown.1

Matla a chefo

Chefo letlalong la yona

Letlalo la yona le a chefa. Ho kotsi ho e ama, ho e nyeka kapa ho e ja.

Chefo ya yona (e chefang ha o e ama kapa o e ja) e etsang?

It is not venomous in the sense of injecting venom with a bite or sting. It contains palytoxin, one of the most poisonous substances known.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

Palytoxin is one of the most poisonous substances known, and people have been poisoned by handling this animal in reef aquariums.1

Haeba motho a e amme kapa a e jele

  • Haeba motho a e jele kapa a na le matshwao ka mora ho e ja: letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso kapa setsi sa chefo (poison centre) hang-hang.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba o e amme kapa o e jele: o se ke wa hohla mahlo kapa molomo, hlatswa matsoho mme o fumane thuso ya bongaka.

Ha e o batle. Chefo ya yona e teng feela hore ho se be le letho le e jang. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le OceaniaLewatle la PacificLewatle la IndiaLewatle la CoralLewatle la China BorwaLewatle la Philippine

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Toxic zoanthid bolelele ba e ka bang 1,5 cm (0,6 in)Thollo ya raese e ka bang 7 mm (0,3 in)Tjhelete ya tshepe ya euro e le nngwe e ka bang 2,3 cm (0,9 in)
e kgutshwane ho feta monwana wa hao o monyenyane

Toxic zoanthid e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

Early Hawaiians used this animal to poison the tips of their weapons, and a legend says warriors could break a taboo and dip their spear tips into its pool when under severe threat.1

2

In 1961 researchers took specimens from the pool despite local advice, and the laboratories of the Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology on Coconut Island were destroyed by fire on that same day.1

3

Palythoa toxica is the species in which palytoxin was first discovered and first isolated.1

4

Unlike a related species, P. toxica is equally toxic all year round rather than changing with the seasons.1

5

Palytoxin has also been found in other Palythoa species, some algae, and certain crabs and fish, and it has been suggested that a dinoflagellate in the genus Ostreopsis produces the toxin.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Palythoa toxica
Sehlopha
Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang
Lelapa
Sphenopidae2
Tatelano
Zoantharia
Dikontinente
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle la Coral, Lewatle la Philippine, Lewatle la China Borwa, Mawatle
Kotsi ho batho
4 / 5: E kotsi haholo3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Palythoa toxica (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Palythoa toxica (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Taba e nngwe le e nngwe leqepheng lena e na le nomoro e bontshang mohlodi wa yona. Haeba re entse phoso, re kopa tshwarelo, re barati ba diphoofolo, hase makasine wa saense. Re bolelle ho [email protected] mme re tla e lokisa.

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Tse ding tsa sehlopha se le seng: Diphoofolo tse ding tse chefang

Japanese pufferfishDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE a bolayaHawksbill sea turtleDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE ka bolayaGreenland sharkDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE utlwisa bohloko feelaSilver-cheeked toadfishDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE a bolayaBlackspotted pufferDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE ka bolayaWhite-spotted pufferDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE ka bolaya

E boetse e phela: Lewatle la Pacific

Australian box jellyfishDi-jellyfish le diphoofolo tsa lewatle tse hlabangE a bolayaO se ke wa amaGeography coneDikgofu tsa cone le di-octopusE a bolayaGreater blue-ringed octopusDikgofu tsa cone le di-octopusE a bolayaSouthern blue-ringed octopusDikgofu tsa cone le di-octopusE a bolayaIrukandji jellyfishDi-jellyfish le diphoofolo tsa lewatle tse hlabangE ka bolayaO se ke wa amaReef stonefishDitlhapi tse nang le chefoE ka bolayaO se ke wa ama
Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala