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Reef stonefish

Synanceia verrucosa

Kuhusu jina: The scientific name verrucosa means "covered with verrucas or warts", which refers to the warty growths all over its body.1

Anaweza kuuaUsiguseAnaweza kukuua bila matibabu. Miiba yake ikikuchoma, tafuta msaada haraka.

Samaki wenye sumu

Miiba yenye sumuHula: Nyama

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

The reef stonefish is a fish that hides on coral reefs and looks like a rock or piece of coral. It is the most venomous fish in the world, and its venom can kill people. It lives in shallow warm seas across the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific.1

Anaishi

Red Sea, coastal East Africa, Indian Ocean and western Pacific to French Polynesia, southern Japan and Taiwan. Also found in the far eastern Mediterranean.1

Bahari ya Pasifiki, Bahari ya Hindi, Bahari ya Shamu, Bahari ya Andaman, Bahari ya Kusini ya China, Bahari ya Ufilipino, Bahari ya Matumbawe, Bahari ya Arabia na Ghuba ya Uajemi, Bahari ya Timor na Arafura, Ghuba ya Bengal

Nyumbani

It lives in shallow tropical waters, in coral reefs. It settles on and around rocks and plants, or rests on the seabed. Its spines have been known to pierce boot soles.1

Urefu

40 cm (1.3 ft)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 2 kwa saa (maili 1.2 kwa saa)

Kuogelea, makadirio

Hula nini?

It eats mostly small fish, shrimp and other crustaceans. It sits motionless on the reef floor and waits for prey to swim past, then engulfs it at great speed. Some have struck prey in 0.015 seconds.1

Picha ya Reef stonefish — Reef stonefish. Picha: Ewout Knoester. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Usually brown or grey, sometimes with patches of yellow, orange or red.1
Rough, tough skin covered in warts, with no scales.1
Wide, flattened head with small eyes that point upwards.1
Back fin with 12 to 14 spines, all of equal length.1
Its colour and skin texture help it blend in among rocks and corals.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Miiba yenye sumu

Miiba mikali hubeba sumu. Kumkanyaga au kumshika kunauma.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

Its venom is a mixture of proteins. Effects include severe pain, shock, paralysis and tissue death. A large dose can be fatal, and the fatal protein in this species is verrucotoxin. Stonefish venom can be fatal at a dose of only 18 mg, which six of its thirteen spines can release.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

It is the most venomous fish in the world and its venom can kill humans. A large dose can be fatal, and young children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems are at greatest risk.1

Habari njema: madaktari wana dawa (ya kuzuia sumu) au matibabu ya hili.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

It relies on camouflage to stay hidden and, when necessary, on its back spines, each with venom sacs at its base.1

Miiba yake ikikuchoma

Immerse the affected limb in hot water, which is thought to help break down the venom proteins. A local anaesthetic can reduce the pain, and medical treatment includes antivenom. A tourniquet or firm constrictive bandage is no longer recommended.1
Weka jeraha kwenye maji ya moto, moto kiasi ambacho mtu anaweza kuvumilia bila kuungua (pima kwanza kwa mkono wako), kwa dakika 30 hadi 90. Tafuta msaada wa kitabibu, hasa kwa samaki-jiwe na taa.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Miiba yake ikikuchoma: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania Bahari ya Pasifiki Bahari ya Hindi Bahari ya Shamu Bahari ya Matumbawe Bahari ya Kusini ya China Bahari ya Ufilipino Bahari ya Andaman Bahari ya Arabia na Ghuba ya Uajemi Bahari ya Timor na Arafura Ghuba ya Bengal

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

urefu sawa na ndizi 2 zilizopangwa mstariurefu sawa na matofali 12 ya kuchezea yaliyopangwa mstariangeweza kuogelea urefu wa bwawa kubwa (m 50) kwa sekunde 90

Reef stonefish ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Konokono wa bustanini takriban km 0.05 kwa saa (0.03 mph)

Reef stonefish takriban km 2 kwa saa (1.2 mph)

Mtu anayeogelea takriban km 3 kwa saa (1.9 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

It is the most venomous fish in the world.1

It strikes its prey in as little as 0.015 seconds.1

Its spines are sharp and stiff enough to pierce boot soles.1

Only six of its thirteen spines can release a fatal dose of venom.1

It is sold as an aquarium pet and as meat in some markets in southern China, the Philippines and Japan.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: Tying a tight tourniquet or bandage above a stonefish sting is the best first aid.

Ukweli: This is no longer recommended. Hot water on the affected limb and medical treatment with antivenom are the advised steps.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Synanceia verrucosa
Kundi: Samaki wenye sumu
Familia: Synanceiidae2
Mpangilio: Perciformes
Mabara: Bahari ya Pasifiki, Bahari ya Hindi, Bahari ya Shamu, Bahari ya Andaman, Bahari ya Kusini ya China, Bahari ya Ufilipino, Bahari ya Matumbawe, Bahari ya Arabia na Ghuba ya Uajemi, Bahari ya Timor na Arafura, Ghuba ya Bengal, Bahari kuu
Watoto: Females lay large, unfertilised eggs on the reef floor, and a male fertilises them by releasing sperm over the eggs. The young hatch well developed.1
Hatari kwa watu: 4 / 5: Hatari sana3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Synanceia verrucosa (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Synanceia verrucosa (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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