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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Moses sole
Nom. 1379 ya 1 402

Moses sole

Pardachirus marmoratus
Ga e na kotsiGa e na kotsi go batho. Ga go na sepe se o tshwanetseng go tshwenyega ka sone.
Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja Botlhole mo letlalong la yoneE ja: NamaE botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja, ga e tsenye botlhole
Kotsi go batho: Kotsi e nnyeJaaka go tlhabiwa ke notshe kgotsa go le kwa tlase. Ga e na kotsi go batho.

The Moses sole is a flatfish that lives in shallow coastal waters of the western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka and along the east coast of Africa. It hides on the seabed and gives off a milky toxin from its fins to deter predators, including sharks.1

E botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja, kgotsa e tsenya botlhole? Diphologolo tse di tsenyang botlhole di bo tsenya ka go loma kgotsa go tlhaba. Diphologolo tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja di kotsi fa o di ama kgotsa o di ja. Eno ke e e botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja.
E tshela kwa
Western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka, and along the east coast of Africa to Durban1
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle le Lehibidu, Kou ya Bengal
Gae
It lives in shallow coastal waters where the seabed is sand or mud, often near coral reefs. During the day it often lies buried in the sand with only its eyes and nostrils showing.1
Boleele
20 cm (7,9 in)3
bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa e e godileng
Lebelo le le kwa godimo
e ka nna 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Go thuma, kakanyo fela
E ja eng?
It feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling invertebrates that live on the seabed.1
Ka nnete!Setshwantsho sa Moses sole
Moses sole. Setshwantsho: Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

  • Colour is variable, often whitish, pale brown or pale grey, with irregular dark brown ring-shaped markings1
  • Many dark brown spots cover the head, body and fins1
  • Normally two brown dots containing yellow flecks sit along the lateral line1
  • Adults have a highly compressed, flat-sided body, with both eyes on the right side of the head1
  • The rounded tail fin is not joined to the dorsal or cloacal fin1

Gantsi e tlhakanngwa le: Mimic octopuses copy the finless sole by adapting their shape, colour and texture. They can also mimic venomous sea snakes and fish.1

Maatla a botlhole

Botlhole mo letlalong la yone

Letlalo la yone le botlhole. Go kotsi go e ama, go e latswa kgotsa go e ja.

Botlhole jwa yone (jwa go e ama kgotsa go e ja) bo dira eng?

The finless sole releases a milky toxin called an ichthyotoxin from the base of its dorsal and cloacal fins. The main toxin, pardaxin, damages cell membranes so that cells leak their contents. It irritates the sensitive gills of predator fish.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: Kotsi e nnyeJaaka go tlhabiwa ke notshe kgotsa go le kwa tlase. Ga e na kotsi go batho.

It is caught for food and sold fresh, even though its skin secretion is poisonous.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

When threatened, it releases its toxic milky secretion from its fins, and its colour helps it blend in with sandy or pebbled seabeds.1

Fa mongwe a e amile kgotsa a e jele

  • Fa mongwe a e jele kgotsa a na le matshwao morago ga go e ja: leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso kgotsa senthara ya botlhole ka yone nako eo.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

  • O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
  • E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
  • Fa o e amile kgotsa o e jele: o se ka wa gotlha matlho kgotsa molomo wa gago, tlhatswa diatla mme o batle thuso ya bongaka.

Ga e go batle. Botlhole jwa yone bo teng fela gore sepe se se ka se e je. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

AforikaAsiaYuropaAmerika BokoneAmerika BorwaAustralia le OceaniaLewatle la PacificLewatle la IndiaLewatle le LehibiduKou ya Bengal

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

Moses sole e ka nna 20 cm ka boleele (7,9 in)Panana e ka nna 18 cm (7,1 in)Katse ya ntlo e ka nna 50 cm (1,6 ft)
boleele jo bo lekanang le diboloko tsa go aga tsa ditshamekisi di le 6 mo moleng

Moses sole e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

1

One of its toxins, pardaxin-1, is 5 to 10 times more toxic than pardaxin-2 and has unusual shark-repelling properties.1

2

Its toxin, pardaxin, is used by the fish as a defence against sharks.1

3

Mimic octopuses copy its shape, colour and texture, and can also copy venomous sea snakes and fish.1

4

Juveniles have one eye on each side of the head, but as they mature the left eye moves to the right side.1

5

Eugenie Clark carried out much of the early research on this species.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense
Pardachirus marmoratus
Setlhopha
Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja
Lelapa
Soleidae2
Lekoko
Carangiformes
Dikontinente
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle le Lehibidu, Kou ya Bengal, Mawatle
Kotsi go batho
1 / 5: Kotsi e nnye3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Pardachirus marmoratus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pardachirus marmoratus (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
  3. Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Ntlha nngwe le nngwe mo tsebeng e e na le nomoro e e supang motswedi wa yone. Fa re dirile phoso, maitshwarelo, re barati ba diphologolo, e seng kgatiso ya saense. Re bolelele kwa [email protected] mme re tla e baakanya.

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Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se se tshwanang: Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja

Japanese pufferfishDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE a bolayaHawksbill sea turtleDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE ka bolayaGreenland sharkDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE utlwisa botlhoko felaSilver-cheeked toadfishDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE a bolayaBlackspotted pufferDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE ka bolayaWhite-spotted pufferDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE ka bolaya

E tshela gape kwa: Lewatle la Pacific

Australian box jellyfishDijelifishi le dibopiwa tsa lewatle tse di tlhabangE a bolayaO se ka wa amaGeography coneDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaGreater blue-ringed octopusDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaSouthern blue-ringed octopusDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaIrukandji jellyfishDijelifishi le dibopiwa tsa lewatle tse di tlhabangE ka bolayaO se ka wa amaReef stonefishDitlhapi tse di tsenyang botlholeE ka bolayaO se ka wa ama
Fepa phephengnkgwana ya dimpho, e e dira mahala