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Venom Wiki / Dibopiwa tsotlhe / Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja
Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Toxic zoanthid
Nom. 1399 ya 1 402

Toxic zoanthid

Palythoa toxica
Ka ga leina: Its Hawaiian name, limu-make-o-Hana, means 'seaweed of death from Hana', after the Hana district of Maui where it was first found.1
E ka bolayaO se ka wa amaE ka bolaya fa go sa alafiwe. Fa mongwe a e ama kgotsa a e ja, batla thuso ka bonako.
Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja Botlhole mo letlalong la yoneE botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja, ga e tsenye botlhole
Kotsi go batho: E kotsi thataE ka bolaya motho yo o sa alafiweng.

Palythoa toxica is a small, crust-like sea animal, called a zoanthid, that grows on rocks. It lives in Hawaii and is special because it is the species from which the very poisonous substance palytoxin was first discovered and isolated.1

E botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja, kgotsa e tsenya botlhole? Diphologolo tse di tsenyang botlhole di bo tsenya ka go loma kgotsa go tlhaba. Diphologolo tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja di kotsi fa o di ama kgotsa o di ja. Eno ke e e botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja.
E tshela kwa
Native to Hawaii; has been found sporadically throughout the state, first discovered on Maui1
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle la Coral, Lewatle la Philippines, Lewatle la China Borwa
Gae
It was first found in a shallow rock pool about 25 cm deep that received fresh water when heavy rain fell, so it can live in water of changing salt levels. It has also been sold to keepers of reef aquariums, where people have been poisoned by handling it carelessly.1
Boleele
1,5 cm (0,6 in)3
bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa e e godileng
Lebelo le le kwa godimo
e ka nna 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Go thuma, kakanyo fela
Ka nnete!Setshwantsho sa Toxic zoanthid
Toxic zoanthid. Setshwantsho: [1]. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

  • It grows as a flat, encrusting layer over rock.1
  • It has a firm, tough outer covering.1
  • Its polyps are partly sunk into a cushiony mat that spreads across the rock and contains sand grains and bits of debris.1
  • Each polyp has a broad mouth disc with a fringe of tentacles.1
  • Its colour varies but is usually cream, grey or pale brown.1

Maatla a botlhole

Botlhole mo letlalong la yone

Letlalo la yone le botlhole. Go kotsi go e ama, go e latswa kgotsa go e ja.

Botlhole jwa yone (jwa go e ama kgotsa go e ja) bo dira eng?

It is not venomous in the sense of injecting venom with a bite or sting. It contains palytoxin, one of the most poisonous substances known.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E kotsi thataE ka bolaya motho yo o sa alafiweng.

Palytoxin is one of the most poisonous substances known, and people have been poisoned by handling this animal in reef aquariums.1

Fa mongwe a e amile kgotsa a e jele

  • Fa mongwe a e jele kgotsa a na le matshwao morago ga go e ja: leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso kgotsa senthara ya botlhole ka yone nako eo.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

  • O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
  • E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
  • Fa o e amile kgotsa o e jele: o se ka wa gotlha matlho kgotsa molomo wa gago, tlhatswa diatla mme o batle thuso ya bongaka.

Ga e go batle. Botlhole jwa yone bo teng fela gore sepe se se ka se e je. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

AforikaAsiaYuropaAmerika BokoneAmerika BorwaAustralia le OceaniaLewatle la PacificLewatle la IndiaLewatle la CoralLewatle la China BorwaLewatle la Philippines

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

Toxic zoanthid e ka nna 1,5 cm ka boleele (0,6 in)Thoro ya raese e ka nna 7 mm (0,3 in)Ledi la euro e le 1 e ka nna 2,3 cm (0,9 in)
khutshwane go feta monwana wa gago o monnye

Toxic zoanthid e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

1

Early Hawaiians used this animal to poison the tips of their weapons, and a legend says warriors could break a taboo and dip their spear tips into its pool when under severe threat.1

2

In 1961 researchers took specimens from the pool despite local advice, and the laboratories of the Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology on Coconut Island were destroyed by fire on that same day.1

3

Palythoa toxica is the species in which palytoxin was first discovered and first isolated.1

4

Unlike a related species, P. toxica is equally toxic all year round rather than changing with the seasons.1

5

Palytoxin has also been found in other Palythoa species, some algae, and certain crabs and fish, and it has been suggested that a dinoflagellate in the genus Ostreopsis produces the toxin.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense
Palythoa toxica
Setlhopha
Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja
Lelapa
Sphenopidae2
Lekoko
Zoantharia
Dikontinente
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle la Coral, Lewatle la Philippines, Lewatle la China Borwa, Mawatle
Kotsi go batho
4 / 5: E kotsi thata3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Palythoa toxica (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Palythoa toxica (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
  3. Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Ntlha nngwe le nngwe mo tsebeng e e na le nomoro e e supang motswedi wa yone. Fa re dirile phoso, maitshwarelo, re barati ba diphologolo, e seng kgatiso ya saense. Re bolelele kwa [email protected] mme re tla e baakanya.

Phepheng e tshwerwe ke tlala! Venom Wiki ke porojeke ya motho a le mongwe: ke mahala, ga e na dipapatso le ditraka. Mpho e nnye e thusa go e tshegetsa mo inthaneteng.Fepa phepheng

Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se se tshwanang: Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja

Japanese pufferfishDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE a bolayaHawksbill sea turtleDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE ka bolayaGreenland sharkDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE utlwisa botlhoko felaSilver-cheeked toadfishDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE a bolayaBlackspotted pufferDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE ka bolayaWhite-spotted pufferDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE ka bolaya

E tshela gape kwa: Lewatle la Pacific

Australian box jellyfishDijelifishi le dibopiwa tsa lewatle tse di tlhabangE a bolayaO se ka wa amaGeography coneDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaGreater blue-ringed octopusDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaSouthern blue-ringed octopusDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaIrukandji jellyfishDijelifishi le dibopiwa tsa lewatle tse di tlhabangE ka bolayaO se ka wa amaReef stonefishDitlhapi tse di tsenyang botlholeE ka bolayaO se ka wa ama
Fepa phephengnkgwana ya dimpho, e e dira mahala