Venom Wiki / Mbindeef yépp / Yeneen rab yu am daŋar ci seen yaram

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Moses sole

Pardachirus marmoratus

Amul lorAmul lor ci nit. Amul lu la war a jaaxal.

Yeneen rab yu am daŋar ci seen yaram

Daŋar ci deramDafay lekk: YàppAm daŋar ci yaram, du màtt walla jam

Musiba ci nit: WoyofNi jamu yamb walla lu ko yées. Lu jege, amul lor ci nit.

The Moses sole is a flatfish that lives in shallow coastal waters of the western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka and along the east coast of Africa. It hides on the seabed and gives off a milky toxin from its fins to deter predators, including sharks.1

Am daŋar ci yaram walla am daŋar (màtt walla jam)? Rab yu am daŋar (màtt walla jam) dañuy sóob seen daŋar ci màtt walla ci jam. Rab yu am daŋar ci yaram dañuy lor ku leen laal walla ku leen lekk. Bii, daŋar ci yaram la am.

Dafay dund ci

Western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka, and along the east coast of Africa to Durban1

Mbàmbulaanu Pasifik, Mbàmbulaanu End, Géej gu Xonq, Golfu Bengal

Kër

It lives in shallow coastal waters where the seabed is sand or mud, often near coral reefs. During the day it often lies buried in the sand with only its eyes and nostrils showing.1

Guddaay

20 cm (7,9 in)3

réyaayu mag bu yem

Gaawaay bu gën a kawe

lu tollu ci 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

Féey, xalaat

Lan lay lekk?

It feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling invertebrates that live on the seabed.1

Fotoy Moses sole — Moses sole. Foto: Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ni ngay ko xàmmee

Colour is variable, often whitish, pale brown or pale grey, with irregular dark brown ring-shaped markings1
Many dark brown spots cover the head, body and fins1
Normally two brown dots containing yellow flecks sit along the lateral line1
Adults have a highly compressed, flat-sided body, with both eyes on the right side of the head1
The rounded tail fin is not joined to the dorsal or cloacal fin1

Ñu ngi koy faral di jaxasoo ak: Mimic octopuses copy the finless sole by adapting their shape, colour and texture. They can also mimic venomous sea snakes and fish.1

Kàttanu daŋar

Daŋar ci deram

Deram am na daŋar. Musiba la ci laal, mar walla lekk.

Lan la daŋar bi ci yaramam di def?

The finless sole releases a milky toxin called an ichthyotoxin from the base of its dorsal and cloacal fins. The main toxin, pardaxin, damages cell membranes so that cells leak their contents. It irritates the sensitive gills of predator fish.1

Ni mu lore nit ñi?

Musiba ci nit: WoyofNi jamu yamb walla lu ko yées. Lu jege, amul lor ci nit.

It is caught for food and sold fresh, even though its skin secretion is poisonous.1

Lan lay def bu tiitee?

When threatened, it releases its toxic milky secretion from its fins, and its colour helps it blend in with sandy or pebbled seabeds.1

Su kenn laalee ko walla mu lekk ko

Su kenn lekkee ko walla mu am ay màndarga ginnaaw bi mu ko lekkee: woo sa nimerob urgence walla centre antipoison ci saa si.

Saa su nekk, woo jëkk sa nimerob urgence (112, 000, 911). Lii ay ndigal yu yaatu ci ndimbal yu jëkk la, du ndigalu doktoor. Li war a xam ci ndimbal yu jëkk

Sàmmal sa bopp

Bul laal mukk, bul jàpp, bul sonal ab rab bu àll, doonte bu ndaw la, te doonte dafa mel ni dafa nelaw walla dafa dee.
May ko bérab. Su nga ko gisee, dalal, dellu ginnaaw ndànk-ndànk te bàyyi ko mu dem yoonam.
Su nga ko laalee walla nga lekk ko: bul moos say bët walla sa gémmiñ, raxas say loxo te wutal ndimbal doktoor.

Du la wut. Daŋaram nekk na rekk ngir kenn bañ ko lekk. Yeneen ci ni ngay sàmme sa bopp

Fan ci àddina?

Afrig Asi Tugal Amerig gu Bëj-gànnaar Amerig gu Bëj-saalum Ostarali ak Oseyani Mbàmbulaanu Pasifik Mbàmbulaanu End Géej gu Xonq Golfu Bengal

Ni mu réye?

Ni mu guddoo?

guddu na ni 6 bloku tabax yu ñu toftale

Moses sole ni mu réye ci wetu YOW?

Ay waññ rekk ci sa navigateur. Dara du denc te dara du yónnee fenn.

Ni mu gaawe?

Ab escargot ci tóokër lu tollu ci 0,05 km/h (0,03 mph)

Moses sole lu tollu ci 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

Ab nit kuy féey lu tollu ci 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

baax na xam

Xibaar

One of its toxins, pardaxin-1, is 5 to 10 times more toxic than pardaxin-2 and has unusual shark-repelling properties.1

Its toxin, pardaxin, is used by the fish as a defence against sharks.1

Mimic octopuses copy its shape, colour and texture, and can also copy venomous sea snakes and fish.1

Juveniles have one eye on each side of the head, but as they mature the left eye moves to the right side.1

Eugenie Clark carried out much of the early research on this species.1

Ngir boroom xam-xam ci daŋar

Turu xam-xam: Pardachirus marmoratus
Mbooloo: Yeneen rab yu am daŋar ci seen yaram
Njaboot: Soleidae2
Toftal: Carangiformes
Kontinaa yi: Mbàmbulaanu Pasifik, Mbàmbulaanu End, Géej gu Xonq, Golfu Bengal, Mbàmbulaan yi
Musiba ci nit: 1 / 5: Woyof3

Fa xibaar yi jóge

Pardachirus marmoratus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Pardachirus marmoratus (iNaturalist): tur ak ni ñu leen séddale.
Venom Wiki: tolluwaayu musiba bi, réyaay bu yem bi ak xalaatu gaawaay bi, nun ñoo leen defar. Seetal ni nu leen waññe: Ni nuy natte musiba.

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