Venom Wiki / Zonke izilwanyana / Iinyoka zaseOstreliya

Inombolo 0172 kwezi-1 402

Inyoka yengwe

Notechis scutatus

Malunga negama: Ibizwa ngale ndlela ngenxa yemigca yayo, emnyama nemthubi njengemigca yengwe.1

SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana zibulalayo eMhlabeni. Ukuba siyakuluma, biza uncedo ngoko nangoko.Uncedo olukhawulezayo ne-antivenom zisindisa abantu abaninzi. Tsalela inombolo kaxakeka ngoko nangoko.

Iinyoka zaseOstreliya

UkulumaSitya: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana ziyingozi emhlabeni.

Inyoka yengwe yinyoka enkulu enetyhefu enamandla kakhulu. Ihlala emazantsi eOstreliya, kuquka iziqithi zayo ezikufutshane nonxweme kunye neTasmania. Igama layo livela kwimigca emnyama nemthubi efana nemigca yengwe, nangona imibala yayo yahluka kakhulu. Ukuluma kwayo kunokubulala, ngoko yenye yeenyoka abantu baseOstreliya abafundiswa ukuyihlonipha nokuyazi.1

Sihlala

Emazantsi eOstreliya, kuquka iziqithi zayo ezikufutshane nonxweme kunye neTasmania1

IOstreliya neOceania

Ekhaya

Iinyoka zengwe zihlala zifumaneka kwimimandla engasemanxwemeni. Zithanda imigxobhozo, imilambo emincinci, amadama nezinye iindawo ezikufutshane nemijelo yamanzi. Kwiindawo zokufuya (zokulima), zizimela kufutshane namanzi angapheliyo. Zihlala emhlabeni, kodwa ziyakwazi ukudada nokunyuka emithini nasezakhiweni.1

Ubude

90 cm ukuya ku-2 m (3 ft ukuya ku-6,6 ft)1

Inyoka yengwe eqhelekileyo inobude obungama-90 cm ngokomndilili, ubude obukhulu bumalunga ne-120 cm, kwaye kukho erekhodiweyo eyayingama-200 cm. Iinyoka zengwe zaseChappell Island zinobude obumalunga ne-190 cm ngokomndilili.

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-7,3 km/h (4,5 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Sitya ntoni?

Iinyoka zengwe zisebenzisa ityhefu yazo ukubulala amaxhoba azo. Amaqela ahlala eziqithini aye aba neentloko ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuze akwazi ukutya izilwanyana ezinkulu.1

Ifoto ka-Inyoka yengwe — Inyoka yengwe. Ifoto: Max Tibby. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

Inemigca emnyama ngakumbi, enokubonakala ngokucacileyo okanye ifiphele, ngemibala esuka ekukhanyeni iye ekumnyameni kakhulu.1
Umbala wayo ongundoqo ungumnquma, omthubi, omdaka-orenji okanye omnyama tsho, kwaye isisu sayo simthubi okhanyayo okanye siorenji.1
Kwamanye amaqela azo kukho iinyoka ezingenamigca, ngoko imigca yodwa ayinakuthenjwa ekuyazini.1
Ngokuqhelekileyo ubude bayo bumalunga ne-1,2 yeemitha, inomzimba otyebileyo nentloko engqukuva.1

Sidla ngokubhidaniswa no: Umbala awuyondlela ethembekileyo yokwahlula iinyoka zengwe, kwanaphakathi kweentlobo zazo ezincinci. Eyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokuyazi yeyokuba ingcali isebenzise isixhobo sokuvavanya ityhefu okanye ibale amaxolo ayo.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

Ityhefu yenyoka yengwe iqulethe iineurotoxin ezinamandla (ezihlasela imithambo-luvo), iicoagulant (ezichaphazela ukujiya kwegazi), iihaemolysin (ezitshabalalisa iiseli zegazi) kunye neemyotoxin (ezonakalisa izihlunu). Iimpawu zokuqala ziquka iintlungu kwindawo yonyawo nentamo, ukurhawuzelela, ukuba ndindisholo nokubila. Emva koko kunokulandela ngokukhawuleza ubunzima ekuphefumleni nokukhubazeka (ukufa umzimba).1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana ziyingozi emhlabeni.

Phakathi kowama-2005 nowama-2015, iinyoka zengwe zazibangele i-17% yabantu abalunywe ziinyoka ezaziwayo eOstreliya, kwaye kwaba nokufa kwabantu abane kwabali-119 abaqinisekisiweyo ukuba bangenwe yityhefu. Zinokubulala abantu. Phakathi kokufa kwabantu ngenxa yokulunywa ziinyoka eOstreliya, yinyoka emdaka kuphela ebangela ukufa okungaphezulu. Uphononongo luxele ukuba umlinganiselo wokufa kwabangafumani nyango ungama-40% ukuya kuma-60%.1

Iindaba ezimnandi: oogqirha banamayeza (i-antivenom) okanye unyango lwale nto.1

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

Xa isongelwa, inyoka iyawucaba umzimba wayo iphakamise intloko ngaphezu komhlaba, ime ngendlela eqhelekileyo phambi kokuba ilume.1

Ukuba siyaluma

Sebenzisa indlela yokucinezela nokungashukumisi (pressure immobilisation). Bopha iibhandeji ezibanzi nezityebileyo phezu kwendawo elunyiweyo, uze uqhubeke usihla uze ubuye ngokulandela ilungu ukuya ekhwapheni okanye esinqeni (kwigrowini). Lenze ilungu lingashukumi ngokulibopha ngesiplinti. ETasmania akuyomfuneko ukuyazi inyoka, kuba isiqhelo-tyhefu (iantivenom) esinye sinyanga zonke iinyoka zaseTasmania.1
Ukubopha ngoxinzelelo nokunqanda ukushukuma (pressure immobilisation): songa ibhandeji eqinileyo enwebekayo phezu kwendawo elunyiweyo uze unyuke ngelungu lonke, uliqinise ngesiplinti, kwaye ugcine umntu engashukumi kwaphela de kufike uncedo.
Musa ukuhlamba indawo elunyiweyo: izibhedlele zinokuvavanya ityhefu eseleyo esikhumbeni ukuze zikhethe i-antivenom echanekileyo.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

ubude obulingana neekati zasekhaya eziyi-4 ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emsileniubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-11 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-49 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Inyoka yengwe mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Inyoka yengwe malunga ne-7,3 km/h (4,5 mph)

Umntwana okhwele ibhayisekile malunga ne-12 km/h (7,5 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

Ityhefu ekhutshwayo ingama-35 ukuya kuma-65 eemiligram, ngelixa idosi ebulalayo emntwini ingama-3 eemiligram.1

Inyoka yengwe yaseChappell Island sisigebenga sale ntlobo, ubude bayo ngokomndilili bungaphezu kweenyawo ezi-6 (malunga ne-1,9 yeemitha).1

Iinyoka zengwe zinokufumaneka zidada, zinyuka emithini kwaye zingena ezakhiweni.1

Iinyoka zengwe zikhuselwe ngumthetho kumaphondo amaninzi aseOstreliya, kwaye ukubulala okanye ukonzakalisa enye kunokubangela isohlwayo semali esingafikelela kwi-A$7 500.1

Iinyoka zengwe ziyakwazi ukunyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kwaye zinokusebenza ebusuku obufudumele ngakumbi.1

Iinyoka zengwe zaseTasmania zidla ngokuzola, mhlawumbi kuba zihlala kwiindawo ezibandayo ngakumbi.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: Ungalwazi uhlobo lwenyoka yengwe ngombala wayo.

Inyaniso: Umbala wahluka kakhulu phakathi kwenyoka nenye nangokwamaxesha onyaka, ngoko awuyondlela ethembekileyo yokwazi inyoka. Isixhobo sokuvavanya ityhefu okanye ukubala amaxolo kuchaneke ngakumbi.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Notechis scutatus
Iqela: Iinyoka zaseOstreliya
Usapho: Elapidae2
Ucwangco: Squamata
Amazwekazi: IOstreliya neOceania
Iintsana: Iinyoka zengwe zizala amantshontsho aphilayo, ngokuqhelekileyo angama-20 ukuya kuma-30 ngexesha elinye. Kwirekhodi enye engaqhelekanga, inyoka yasetyhini yasempuma yazala ama-64.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 5 / 5: Siyabulala3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Tiger snake (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Notechis scutatus (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
Venom Wiki: inqanaba lengozi, ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo noqikelelo lwesantya zezethu. Bona indlela esizifumana ngayo: Indlela esilinganisa ngayo ingozi.

Inyaniso nganye kweli phepha inenombolo ebonisa umthombo wayo. Ukuba senze impazamo, uxolo, sithanda izilwanyana, asiyomagazini yenzululwazi. Sixelele ku-[email protected] kwaye siza kuyilungisa.

Unomadudwane ulambile! I-Venom Wiki yiprojekthi yomntu omnye: isimahla, ayinazibhengezo kwaye ayinazilandeli. Isipho esincinci sinceda ukuyigcina ikwi-intanethi.Yondla unomadudwane