Venom Wiki / Zonke izilwanyana / Ii-pit viper

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Urutu

Bothrops alternatus

Malunga negama: The scientific name alternatus is Latin for "alternating", apparently because of the staggered markings along its body. The common name urutu refers to the crescent markings on its body.1

SinokubulalaSinokukubulala ukuba awunyangwanga. Ukuba siyakuluma, fumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Ii-pit viper

Ukuluma

Ingozi ebantwini: Siyingozi kakhuluSinokubulala umntu ongafumani nyango.

The urutu is a large, stout pit viper from South America. It is highly venomous and is an important cause of snakebites in the areas where it lives. Its body has a striking pattern of dark crescent-shaped markings.1

Sihlala

Southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina1

uMzantsi Melika

Ekhaya

It lives in tropical and semitropical forests, temperate deciduous forests, marshes, swamps, riverbanks, grasslands and cerrado. It is also common in sugarcane plantations, and it is usually absent from dry environments.1

Ubude

80 cm ukuya ku-1,7 m (2,6 ft ukuya ku-5,5 ft)1

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-3,8 km/h (2,4 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Ifoto ka-Urutu — Urutu. Ifoto: K. Zyskowski & Y. Bereshpolova. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

Large and stout, most adults are 80 to 120 cm long.1
The top of the head is usually chocolate brown to almost black, with tan to white markings.1
The body has 22 to 28 dark brown to black markings, each bordered in cream or white. Some look like a cross, and some look like a headphone shape.1
The pattern on the tail forms a zigzag.1
A dark brown to black stripe runs along the underside from the neck to the tail tip.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

The urutu is highly venomous. Its venom mainly contains phospholipase A2, snake venom metalloproteinases, snake venom serine proteases and C-type lectins. In one study of 32 patients, all had local pain and swelling, 97% had prolonged blood clotting, 41% had bleeding (usually from the gums), 32% had blistering and 9% had necrosis (death of tissue).1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Siyingozi kakhuluSinokubulala umntu ongafumani nyango.

Bites are an important cause of snakebite in its range and often cause severe local tissue damage, but they are rarely fatal. In a survey of 6,601 snakebite cases in Central and South America, 384 were attributed to this species, and 8 of those (2%) were fatal. Some bites have caused gangrene that required amputation, and in 2004 a 44-year-old woman died of a brain bleed after being bitten at home.1

Iindaba ezimnandi: oogqirha banamayeza (i-antivenom) okanye unyango lwale nto.1

Ukuba siyaluma

In one Brazilian hospital study, all 32 bitten patients were treated with specific antivenin (antivenom), and none of them died.1
Gcina umntu engashukumi kwaye ezolile, gcina ilungu elilunyiweyo kwinqanaba lentliziyo, susa imisesane nezinto eziqinileyo, uze umse esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

ubude obulingana neekati zasekhaya eziyi-3 ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emsileniubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-9 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-95 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Urutu mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Ufudo malunga ne-0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Urutu malunga ne-3,8 km/h (2,4 mph)

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

Genome sequencing found 59 toxin genes from 16 toxin families.1

Its verified maximum length is 169 cm, although reports of over 2 m exist.1

Some unusual individuals have dark stripes running the full length of the body.1

In some specimens the pattern is so concentrated that the markings and the gaps between them are the same colour.1

Females are significantly longer and heavier than males.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: The bite of this snake is almost always deadly.

Inyaniso: Bites are rarely fatal, although they often cause severe local tissue damage. In one survey, only 2% of cases attributed to this species were fatal.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Bothrops alternatus
Iqela: Ii-pit viper
Usapho: Viperidae2
Ucwangco: Squamata
Amazwekazi: uMzantsi Melika
Iintsana: It gives birth to live young, with captive females producing 3 to 12 young and some females producing up to 24. The newborns look like adults but are more brightly coloured, and they can strike venomously from birth.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 4 / 5: Siyingozi kakhulu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Bothrops alternatus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops alternatus (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
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