第 1246 號，共 1 402 號

Bat ray

Myliobatis californica

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

螫吃：肉

The bat ray is a flat, diamond-shaped fish related to sharks, with wing-like fins that it flaps to swim. It lives in shallow coastal waters from central Oregon in the USA down to the Gulf of California in Mexico, and around the Galápagos Islands. It has a venomous spine near the base of its tail, but it uses it only when it feels threatened.1

分布在

Coastal waters from central Oregon (USA) to the Gulf of California (Mexico), and the Galápagos Islands area1

太平洋, 加利福尼亞灣

首頁

Bat rays live in muddy or sandy sloughs, estuaries and bays, kelp beds, and rocky-bottomed shorelines. They are often found in flat, shallow water with sand patches between rocks. People can meet them in shallow sand, so walking there calls for care.1

長度

1,8 m (5,9 ft)1

體重

9,1 kg 到 91 kg (20 lb 到 201 lb)1

最高速度

大約 22 km/h（14 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Bat rays eat molluscs, crustaceans and small fish from the seabed. They use their wing-like fins to move sand and expose prey, and may dig pits up to 20 cm deep with their snouts to reach buried clams. Their flat, pavement-like teeth crush shells, and the hard pieces are spat out while the soft parts are swallowed.1

Bat ray 的照片 — Bat ray。照片：Martin Holst Friborg Pedersen from Copenhagen S, Denmark。 CC BY 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Diamond-shaped body, with wing-like pectoral fins that end in blunt points1
Broad head raised higher than the fins, with eyes set on the sides of the head1
Dark back, black or dark brown, with a white underside1
Whip-like tail with at least one venomous spine at its base1
Usually two small cephalic horns (projections from the front of the head) used for pushing food into the mouth1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The bat ray is not considered dangerous to people. It uses its venomous tail spine only when it is attacked or frightened.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

The bat ray camouflages itself in the sand and uses its tail spine only when attacked or frightened.1

如果牠螫人

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋加利福尼亞灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 5 隻狗一樣重

跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 10 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 8,2 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Bat ray 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Bat ray 大約 22 km/h (14 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Bat rays dig pits in the seabed that can be up to 4 m long, and small fish gather to eat the creatures the rays expose.1

The bat ray's young are born with the spine's sheath, which falls off within hours of birth.1

Bat rays can grow to a wingspan of 1.8 m, and the largest individuals weigh about 91 kg.1

Some bat rays live alone, while others form schools of thousands.1

Bat rays have teeth that are replaced continuously, as is the case with all elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and their relatives).1

破解迷思

迷思： Bat rays are dangerous to people because of their venomous spine.

真相： Bat rays are not considered dangerous. They use the spine only when attacked or frightened, and people can avoid it by shuffling their feet when walking through shallow sand.1

給毒液專家

學名: Myliobatis californica
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Myliobatidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
各大洲: 太平洋, 加利福尼亞灣, 海洋
寶寶: Bat rays are ovoviviparous, so the eggs hatch inside the mother and the young are born live. A litter has two to ten pups, which are born tail first with their fins wrapped around their bodies.1
壽命: 大約 23 年1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3