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Short-tail stingray 的卡通圖
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Short-tail stingray

Bathytoshia brevicaudata
名字的由來： The scientific name Bathytoshia brevicaudata comes from the Latin words brevis (short) and cauda (tail), which refer to its short tail.1
可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠螫了你，要趕快求救。
有毒液的魚 螫吃：肉
對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The short-tail stingray is one of the largest stingrays in the world. It lives in temperate seas off southern Africa, southern Australia and New Zealand, mostly on or near the sea floor. It is not aggressive, but its long venomous sting can cause a serious wound if the ray is startled.1

分布在
Temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere: southern Africa, southern Australia, including Tasmania, and New Zealand1
印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海
首頁
It lives on the bottom in estuaries, sheltered bays, sandy flats, rocky reefs and the outer continental shelf, and sometimes swims up into open water. Off southern Africa it is usually found offshore, at depths of 180 to 480 m. Off Australia and New Zealand it can be found from the intertidal zone down to 156 m. At Hamelin Bay in Western Australia, many rays gather where visitors hand-feed them fish scraps.1
長度
4,3 m (14 ft)1
體重
350 kg (772 lb)1
最高速度
大約 30 km/h（19 mph）
游泳, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It eats bony fishes and invertebrates such as molluscs and crustaceans, including burrowing species. It finds buried bivalves and spoon worms by detecting the tiny water jets they produce, then sucks them out of the sediment. It also eats open-water animals such as salps and hyperiid amphipods.1
是真的！Short-tail stingray 的照片
Short-tail stingray。照片：Alpha from Melbourne, Australia。 CC BY-SA 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

  • Diamond-shaped, heavy disc that is smooth, with no scales (dermal denticles) on the disc even in adults1
  • Plain grey-brown back, darkening towards the tail and above the eyes, with a line of white pores on either side of the head1
  • Whitish underside, darkening towards the edges of the fins1
  • Tail usually shorter than the disc, thick at the base, with one or two serrated stinging spines about halfway along it1
  • Adults have a row of large, spear-like thorns in front of the sting1

常被誤認為： The pitted stingray (Dasyatis matsubarai) of the northwestern Pacific looks similar but is smaller. Records of this species from northern Australia and Thailand are thought to be other rays that were misidentified.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its sting is venomous. The mucous sheath covering the sting contains a toxin that causes necrosis, which means the death of body tissue. The most dangerous injuries involve damage to a vital organ, heavy blood loss, or secondary infection (sepsis) or tetanus.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The short-tail stingray is not aggressive, but if startled or harassed it can inflict a serious and even fatal wound. Its sting can be over 30 cm long and can penetrate most footwear, including kevlar bootees. It is responsible for most stingray injuries off New Zealand, including the death of Australian naturalist Steve Irwin, who was pierced in the chest by its barbed tail.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it raises its tail over its back like a scorpion, and a startled ray can leap through the water and strike with its tail.1

如果牠螫人

  • 把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋印度洋珊瑚海

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Short-tail stingray 大約 4,3 m 長 (14 ft)大人的腳踏車 大約 1,8 m (5,9 ft)一台汽車 大約 4,5 m (15 ft)

牠有多重？

跟 18 隻狗一樣重
跟 4 隻狗從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 24 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 6 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Short-tail stingray 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

It can flap its pectoral fins with enough force to make a loud audible 'bang' in the water, although it is usually slow-moving.1

2

It is one of the largest stingrays in the world, and reliable observers off New Zealand have reported individuals almost 3 m across.1

3

Captive experiments suggest it can detect magnetic fields, which may help it navigate.1

4

Every summer, large groups gather under the rocky archways of the Poor Knights Islands off New Zealand, where both mating and birthing have been seen.1

5

Captive females have been observed mating with up to three different males in succession.1

給毒液專家

學名
Bathytoshia brevicaudata
類群
有毒液的魚
家人
Dasyatidae2
排序
Myliobatiformes
各大洲
印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 海洋
寶寶
It gives birth to live young. Females usually have litters of 6 to 10 pups in summer, and newborns measure 32 to 36 cm across.1
牠在野外的狀況
Least Concern (IUCN)1
對人的危險
4 / 5: 非常危險3

知識的出處

  1. Short-tail stingray (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Bathytoshia brevicaudata (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 有毒液的魚

Reef stonefish有毒液的魚可能致命不要碰Red lionfish有毒液的魚需要看醫生不要碰Estuarine stonefish有毒液的魚可能致命不要碰Striped eel catfish有毒液的魚可能致命不要碰Bluespotted ribbontail ray有毒液的魚需要看醫生Common stingray有毒液的魚需要看醫生

也分布在: 印度洋

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