第 1175 號，共 1 402 號

Estuarine stonefish

Synanceia horrida

名字的由來： The specific name horrida means "dreadful" or "frightful" and refers to its appearance rather than its venomous spines.1

可能致命不要碰不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠的棘刺刺到你，要趕快求救。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The estuarine stonefish is a fish that looks like a stone lying on the seabed. It lives in shallow reefs and estuaries across the Indo-Pacific, including northern Australia. It is considered one of the most dangerous venomous fish in the world, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

分布在

Indo-Pacific region, from eastern India to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan and south to Australia1

印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 安達曼海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣

首頁

Found on sheltered inshore reefs and in estuaries, usually in the shallowest water among coral rubble and rocks on reef flats, and in seagrass beds. It can survive out of the water for up to 24 hours.1

長度

60 cm (2 ft)1

最高速度

大約 2 km/h（1,2 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is a nocturnal ambush predator that eats smaller fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. It waits until prey swims close enough, then sucks it in through its large mouth.1

Estuarine stonefish 的照片 — Estuarine stonefish。照片：Dan Schofield。 CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Drab brownish-grey, reddish or greenish-brown colour1
Skin has no scales and is covered in warts, often with filamentous algae growing on it1
Head is flattened, with small eyes set high and pointing upwards, and a deep pit behind and under each eye1
Large, almost vertical mouth with fringing cirri on the lips1
Camouflaged to look like a stone resting on the bottom; it has no bright warning colours1
Grows to a maximum of 60 cm1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Each fin spine has two venom-producing glands. The venom affects the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. The sting is extremely painful and has been known to be lethal.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

It is considered one of the most dangerous venomous fishes. Stings are extremely painful and have been known to be fatal. Since European settlement, there have been no recorded deaths in Australia from stonefish venom, but deaths have been recorded elsewhere in its range.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When disturbed, it erects its venomous spines, which inject venom if the fish is stepped on.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

Antivenom can be given after envenomation. Immersing the sting wound in hot water can be used to denature the venom.1
把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識