第 1192 號，共 1 402 號

Bullrout

Notesthes robusta

名字的由來： The genus name Notesthes combines Greek words meaning back and garment, a reference to its fully scaled back. The specific name robusta means stout or full-bodied.1

需要看醫生不要碰很少致命，但如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The bullrout is a fish with venomous spines. It lives in tidal estuaries and slow-flowing streams along the east coast of Australia, from southern New South Wales to northern Queensland. It is sometimes confused with the true stonefish.1

分布在

Eastern Australia, from north of Cooktown, Queensland, south to Pambula, southern New South Wales1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

It lives in the lower freshwater stretches of rivers and streams, as well as in bays and estuaries. It is usually found among aquatic plants or woody debris in still or slow-flowing water, over rocky, muddy or gravel bottoms.1

長度

30 cm (1 ft)1

最高速度

大約 5 km/h（3,1 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is an ambush predator that lies still on the bottom or among weeds and waits for prey to pass. It eats fishes and small crustaceans.1

Bullrout 的照片 — Bullrout。照片：Frank Olsen。 CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Big head with bony ridges, a large mouth, and a lower jaw that sticks out beyond the upper jaw1
Pale yellowish to dark brown body with irregular dark reddish-brown, greyish or black mottling, which can join up into irregular bands1
15 robust spines in the dorsal fin, which carry venom1
Head has no scales; the body is covered in small scales1
Maximum recorded standard length is 30 cm, though about 20 cm is more typical1

常被誤認為： It is often confused with the true stonefish.1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The dorsal, anal and pelvic spines all contain venom glands. Stings are reported to be extremely painful, but not lethal.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Stings are reported to be extremely painful, but they are not lethal.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

Applying heat is one way to ease the pain, because heat breaks down the proteins in the venom. Local anaesthetics and analgesics (painkillers) are also reported to be effective. There is some evidence that morphine may not work well for the pain.1
把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識