第 1357 號，共 1 402 號

Eastern newt

Notophthalmus viridescens

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

皮膚裡有毒吃：肉有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

The eastern newt is a small amphibian that lives in eastern North America. Its bright orange young, called red efts, walk around on land in damp forests. The adults carry a strong poison in their skin, so they are best left alone.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Eastern North America1

北美洲

首頁

Eastern newts live in both coniferous and deciduous forests, and they need a moist environment with a temporary or permanent body of water. Adults stay in muddy ponds, lakes, swamps, ditches and quiet streams, while red efts may be seen in a forest after a rainstorm. They are also common aquarium pets, either collected from the wild or sold commercially.1

長度

13 cm (5,1 in)1

最高速度

大約 0,5 km/h（0,31 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

As larvae they feed on small aquatic invertebrates. As adults and efts they eat insects, springtails, soil mites, snails, worms, small crustaceans, young amphibians and frog eggs, typically every two to three days.1

Eastern newt 的照片 — Eastern newt。照片：Matt Felperin。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Larvae are brown-green and have gills, and they live only in the pond where they hatched.1
Red efts, the land-dwelling juveniles, are bright orangish-red with darker red spots outlined in black. One newt can have as many as 21 spots.1
Adults are dull olive green on the back with a dull yellow belly, and they keep the black-rimmed red spots.1
Adults develop a larger, blade-like tail and slimy skin.1

常被誤認為： Central newts, a subspecies, are brown or green with fine black dots all over the body and may have a row of red spots on each side. Their belly is yellow or orange and noticeably lighter than the rest of the body.1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

The eastern newt is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not bite or sting to deliver its toxin. Its skin contains tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin, meaning it attacks the nerves. In predators it can cause muscle paralysis, skin irritation and even death, and it is also the strongest known emetic, meaning it causes vomiting.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Its skin toxin is harmful to predators, and the newt should not be handled with bare hands.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Its bright red colouring warns predators, and its skin releases toxins. Its ventral surface has poison glands, and it can swim quickly away from aquatic predators.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人碰了牠：把手徹底洗乾淨，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果小孩或寵物舔了或吃了牠：打給毒物諮詢中心或打緊急電話。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長

Eastern newt 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Eastern newt 大約 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Newt larvae increase their toxin production when predators, such as dragonflies, are nearby.1

Eastern newts can regenerate lost limbs.1

A Belted Kingfisher was observed beating an eastern newt on a nest box 15 times before eating it.1

The eastern newt's bright red juvenile stage is called a red eft, and it may travel far from its pond.1

Only about 2% of larvae survive to reach the red eft stage.1

Some larvae have been found in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Sarracenia purpurea.1

給毒液專家

學名: Notophthalmus viridescens
類群: 箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈
家人: Salamandridae2
排序: Caudata
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: The female lays 200 to 400 eggs in one batch, attaching them in the water to submerged vegetation or other objects. The eggs take 3 to 8 weeks to hatch.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3